Beaker - Used for holding, mixing, and gently heating liquids. It is not used for precise measurements because its markings (graduations) are only approximate., Erlenmeyer flask - Ideal for mixing, swirling, or boiling liquids without splashing because its narrow neck reduces evaporation and prevents spills., Florence flask - Specifically designed for uniform (even) heating or boiling of liquids. Its round shape allows heat to distribute more evenly than in a flat-bottomed container., Graduated cylinder - Used to accurately and precisely measure the volume of a liquid. To read it correctly, you must look at the bottom of the meniscus (the curve the liquid makes)., Dropper - Used to transfer small amounts of liquid from one container to another, drop by drop. It allows you to add liquids slowly and carefully, which is useful when you need precision but not exact measurement., Pipette - Used to measure and transfer very precise and accurate volumes of liquid. A graduated pipette has markings to measure variable volumes., Test tube - Used to hold, mix, and heat small quantities of chemical substances for experiments and observations., Test tube rack - Safely holds multiple test tubes in an upright position, preventing them from spilling and allowing for organized observation., Stirring rod - Used for stirring or mixing chemicals and liquids. It can also be used to help pour a liquid from one container to another without splashing (a technique called decanting)., Spatula - Used for scraping, transferring, or applying small amounts of solid chemicals (like powders) from their original container to another., Funnel - Used to guide a liquid or fine-grained solid into a container with a small opening, preventing spills. It is also used with filter paper to separate solids from liquids (filtration)., Stand - Provides support for other pieces of equipment. Clamps can be attached to the rod to hold flasks, test tubes, or funnels in place during an experiment., Clamp - Used to securely hold and support other pieces of lab equipment (like test tubes or flasks) at the desired height or angle on a ring stand., Mortar and pestle - Used together to crush, grind, and mix solid substances into a fine powder., Balance or Scale - Accurately determines the mass (how much matter is in an object) of a substance. Digital balances are common in modern labs for quick and precise readings., Watch Glass - Used as a surface to evaporate a liquid, to hold solids while they are being weighed, or to cover a beaker to prevent dust from getting in.,

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