The gene required is identified., The DNA is cut to remove the gene using restriction enzymes., The DNA for the gene has ‘sticky ends’., Restriction enzymes are used to cut open the plasmid DNA of the bacteria., The gene is inserted to the plasmid., The ‘sticky ends’ are attached to the plasmid DNA by a ligase enzyme., The plasmid is taken up by the bacteria cell., The bacteria is checked for the gene, and then cloned to produce large quantities of insulin..

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