How does Blood carry Oxygen?, , There is a linear relationship between PO2 and dissolved O2. T or F, T, at PO2 =1mmHg -> _____mL O2 dissolved in 1mL of plasma at 37 degrees celsius., at PO2 =1mmHg -> 0.00003mL O2 dissolved in 1mL of plasma at 37 degrees celsius., Oxygen dissolved in plasma is expressed as..., , 100mL = __ deciliter (dL), 100mL = 1 deciliter (dL), at PO2 =1mmHg -> _____mL O2 dissolved in 1dL of plasma at 37 degrees celsius., at PO2 =1mmHg -> 0.003mL O2 dissolved in 1mL of plasma at 37 degrees celsius., At PaO2 100mmHg -> __mL/dL, , how does the linear relationship for oxygen dissolved in plasma look like on a graph?, , , rearrange to solve for PO2, PO2*0.003mL=1.8 mL/dL. the ans=600mmHg, Hemoglobin transports most of the O2. T or F, T, How do you calculate this?, By using the Hemoglobin saturation formula, ([Hb] * 1.3mL/dL)*SaO2/PaO2 = 19.5mL/dL or rounded up to 20mL/dL. [Hb] is the hemoglobin concentration, Hb carries 20mL/dL of O2 if PaO2 = 100mmHg (SaO2 =97.5%) and Hb concentration = 15g/dL. T or F, T, what is normal cardiac output (Q)?, 5L/min, what is normal O2 delivery to all body tissues?, 1000mL O2/min, what is normal O2 consumption by tissues?, 250mL/min, O2 delivery is 4x body's resting requirement. T or F, T, How many heme molecules are in a hemoglobin molecule?, 4 heme molecules, what does a heme molecule consist of?, , Each heme molecule has 6 binding sites. What are they?, , What is a globin?, , What is an Oxyhemoglobin?, Hb combined with oxygen, what is a Deoxyhemoglobin?, when Hb is not bound with oxygen, What is cooperative binding?, each molecule of oxygen bound makes the next molecule bind more quickly. Hb molecule wants to be fully bound, Hb molecule is either bound to 4 O2 or unbound to none. T or F, T. its either fully oxygenated or fully deoxygenated, why can we measure oxyhemoglobin by pulse oximetry? What characteristics of Hb allow for this measurement?, , what is hemoglobin saturation?, , at what PaO2 does normal SaO2 of 97.5% occur?, , at what PvO2 does normal SvO2 of 75% occur?, , SaO2 of 100% does not mean O2 or Hb concentration is normal. T or F, T, 1 gram of Hb carries max of ___mL of O2, , Normal Hb level is..., , at 15g/dL and 100% saturation, Hb carries __mL oxygen, to get 20.1mL/dL you do 1.34mL * 15g/dL, what is the hemoglobin capacity for Mixed venous blood at 75% saturation?, , What is the normal arterial venous content difference?, 5mL/dL, got this number by doing 20.1mL/dL - 15.1mL/dL =5mL/dL, , ans should be CaO2 = 15.05mL/dL, very poor hemoglobin concentration so the CaO2 is low, normal CaO2 is 20mL/dL, why is the oxyhemoglobin equilibrium curve a sigmoid curve?, due to the cooperative binding of O2 in hemoglobin, , the increase from 40-60mmHg is greater due to cooperative binding, What is the PO2 range for the flat portion of the oxyhemoglobin equilibrium curve? What occurs in this range, the Association Portion or Dissociation portion?, , What is the PO2 range for the steep portion of the oxyhemoglobin equilibrium curve? What occurs in this range, the Association Portion or Dissociation portion?, , what PO2 is when Hb is 50% saturated with O2 or P50, 27mmHg, when the HbO2 curve shifts to the right, what happens? What are all the variables that change?, 2,3-DPG plays a role in oxygen release from Hb to tissues, when the HbO2 curve shifts to the left, what happens? What are all the variables that change?, , what is the effect of Hb's increased affinity for O2? what are the pros and cons?, , Right shift = decreased affinity, increased P50. T or F, T, Left shift = increased affinity, decreased P50. T or F, T, Shifts in the curve affect the dissociation (steeper portion) of the curve less than the association (flat portion). T or F, F, can an increase in PCO2 decrease affinity or right shift? if so what is that effect called?, , how does temperature affect equilibrium between O2 and Hb? what does an increase/decrease in temp affect shifts?, , what is 2,3 - DPG?, , what does an absence of 2,3-DPG cause?, , what does an increase of 2,3-DPG cause? , , , alkalotic, what is CaO2, amount of O2 dissolved in plasma + amount carried by hemoglobin, CaO2 is what? what is the normal?, , CvO2 is what? what is the normal?, , what is C(a-v)O2? what is the normal range?, , how do you calculate oxygen extraction ratio? what is the normal ratio/percent?, , Factors affecting O2 delivery, , O2 delivery depend on CaO2 and Q. T or F, T, what is the formula for O2 delivery?, , the normal O2 delivery is 1000mL/min, how did we get that though?, , during exercise, what happens to O2 delivery? what happens to Q? how is Q changed?, , what is VO2? which law is used to calculate it? what is the formula?, , What is the normal VO2? what is the percent of O2 delivered that is being consumed by the tissues? , , rearrange the formula for VO2 to calculate Q, , if O2 consumption remains constant, and you increased O2 extraction (C(a-v)O2) what happens to cardiac output (Q)?, Q has to decrease, what is the critical O2 delivery threshold (DO2 crit)?, the point where O2 delivery cannot meet tissue demand, what happens at the point of DO2 crit?, , for critically ill anemic patient, what is an option talked about in class to improve their O2 delivery but has risks?, done when the Hb <7g/dL, What is Cyanosis? What does it look like, , what condition can there be Hypoxemia without cyanosis?, , what condition can there be cyanosis without hypoxemia?, , Can CO inhalation cause Hypoxemia without cyanosis?, yes, why can CO inhalation cause Hypoxemia without cyanosis?, , What is Peripheral cyanosis? SvO2? SaO2? blood flow? where can you see it?, , What is Central cyanosis? SaO2? where can you see it?, , What does Peripheral cyanosis look like on a baby?, , What does Central cyanosis look like on a baby?, , show your work, , List 4 Hemoglobin abnormalities and variants covered in lecture, , Hb has ___ times greater affinity for CO than for O2, Hb has 210 times greater affinity for CO than for O2, why is Carboxyhemoglobin bad?, , What is a solution to this competitive binding nature of CO and O2?, High FiO2s to decrease the half-life of HbCO, you could use a Non Rebreather or Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, How does the carboxyhemoglobin curve compare to the oxyhemoglobin curve?, , Fetal hemoglobin has a high affinity for O2. T or F, what is the P50?, T. its P50 is 22mmHg, Why is Methemoglobin dangerous? what is it caused by? what happens to Fe++?, , What is Sickle cell hemoglobin, , , A, , A, , A, , B, , A, , A, , A.

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