HEREDITY, the passing of traits from parents to offspring., CHROMOSOMES, are structures in cells carrying genetic information that determine traits., ALLELES, are different forms of a gene; they can be dominant or recessive., DOMINANT, traits that are expressed when at least one dominant allele is present. , GENES, are segments of DNA that control traits such as eye color or hair type., RECESSIVE, traits that are expressed only when two recessive alleles are present., GENOTYPE, is the genetic makeup of an organism. the combination of alleles., PHENOTYPE, is the observable traits of an organism, such as height, hair, or eye color., PEDIGREE, shows how traits are passed down through generations., HETEROZYGOUS, means having two different alleles for a trait., HOMOZYGOUS, means having two identical alleles for a trait., PUNNETT SQUARE, predicts possible combinations of alleles in offspring., GENOTYPIC RATIO, shows the proportion of different genotypes in offspring., PHENOTYPIC RATIO, shows the proportion of observable traits in offspring., MONOHYBRID, cross that involves one trait with two alleles., DIHYBRID, cross that involves two traits with two alleles each., PROBABILITY, is the likelihood a trait will appear..

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