Which structure is responsible for preventing backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, and what is its other clinical name?, Tricuspid Valve — also called the Bicuspid Valve, Mitral Valve — also called the Bicuspid Valve, Aortic Valve — also called the Semilunar Valve, The “widow maker” refers to which coronary artery, and why?, Right Coronary Artery — because it supplies the SA node, Circumflex Artery — because it supplies the lateral wall, Left Anterior Descending (LAD) — because blockage causes a massive fatal heart attack affecting the anterior left ventricle and septum, What is the role of the Moderator Band and why is it significant during cardiac surgery?, It anchors the mitral valve leaflets and damage causes valve prolapse, It carries part of the right bundle branch across the right ventricle — cutting it causes a right bundle branch block, It separates the inflow and outflow tracts of the left ventricle, What does the foramen ovale become after birth, and what happens if it fails to close?, It becomes the Crista Terminalis — failure causes atrial fibrillation, It becomes the Coronary Sinus — failure causes ventricular septal defect, It becomes the Fossa Ovalis — failure causes Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO), risking paradoxical embolism and stroke.

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