According to the material you have learned, a substance is considered a pollutant when..., It is any chemical compound produced by factories., Its level exceeds the normal threshold, OR it is in the wrong place, OR at the wrong time., It only affects water bodies, not affected air or soil., It is released by natural events such as volcanic eruptions., A rice farmer in West Java uses twice the recommended dose of urea fertilizer every planting season. The fertilizer that is not absorbed by the plants flows into a nearby river. What is the MOST LIKELY consequence for the river ecosystem?, Fish populations increase because the extra nutrients provide more food., The river becomes cleaner because fertilizer neutralizes harmful bacteria., Algae grows uncontrollably on the surface, blocking sunlight and depleting dissolved oxygen — harming all aquatic life., The river water evaporates faster due to the increased chemical concentration., A Wastewater Treatment Plant (IPAL) processes wastewater in three stages. Which stage is responsible for removing nitrates and phosphates, and adding chlorine to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms?, Primary Treatment, Secondary Treatment, Tertiary Treatment, Stabilization Treatment, A student always brings their own reusable bag when shopping at the supermarket and refuses to take plastic bags. Which of the 4R principles does this action represent?, Recycle, because the student is reprocessing materials., Reuse, because the student is using the same bag multiple times., Reduce, because the student is minimizing the use of new plastic bags., Repair, because the student is maintaining the environment., Smoke from a factory chimney releases Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) directly into the air. Later, this CO₂ reacts with other particles already in the atmosphere to form ground-level ozone (O₃). Which types of air pollution are described here, in order, Primary pollution, then Secondary pollution., Secondary pollution, then Primary pollution., Both are Primary pollution because they both come from factory smoke., Both are Secondary pollution because they both involve chemical reactions in the air., Carbon Monoxide (CO) is described in the textbook as more immediately dangerous to humans than Carbon Dioxide (CO₂). Based on what you have learned, why is CO especially harmful when inhaled?, CO blocks the body from absorbing oxygen, causing the body to lack oxygen that leading to dizziness, shortness of breath, and death if untreated., CO directly destroys lung tissue, while CO₂ only causes the greenhouse effect., CO is heavier than CO₂ so it settles near the ground where people breathe., CO reacts with water vapor in the lungs to produce a toxic acid., Liquid domestic waste such as detergents, oil, and paint is especially dangerous when it seeps into the soil because it ..., Makes the soil too fertile, causing only weeds to grow., Causes the soil to expand and crack, damaging building foundations., Prevents rain from falling in the surrounding area., Destroys groundwater quality and kills beneficial microorganisms living in the soil., Bioremediation is one method used to treat polluted soil. Which of the following BEST describes how bioremediation works?, Contaminated soil is excavated and transported to a sealed tank where it is cleaned with chemical solvents., The soil surface is covered with a thick layer of clean sand to prevent further contamination., Microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria are used to break down or degrade pollutants into less toxic or non-toxic substances like CO₂ and water., Heavy machinery is used to compress and bury the contaminated soil deep underground., In the Minamata case in Japan, fishermen suffered severe nerve damage after eating fish from the bay. Industrial mercury (Hg) waste had been discharged into the water. Which process BEST explains how the mercury reached dangerous levels in the fishermen's bodies?, The fishermen drank the polluted bay water directly over many years., Mercury was absorbed by algae → eaten by small fish → eaten by larger fish → accumulated at each level → consumed by fishermen at the highest concentration., Mercury evaporated from the water and was inhaled by the fishermen while they were fishing., Mercury attached itself to fishing nets and was absorbed through the fishermen's skin., A student argues: 'Pollution problems in Indonesia only affect poor rural communities — people who live in modern cities are not impacted.' Evaluate this statement. Which response BEST reflects a balanced, science-based perspective?, The student is completely correct because air and soil pollution stay in the areas where they are produced., The student is correct because as long as city residents use filtered water, they are fully protected from all types of pollution., The student is partially right because only water pollution affects cities, while soil and air pollution stay in rural areas., The student is wrong because pollution impacts spread widely through air currents, water systems, and the food chain, affecting all communities including urban populations..

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