1) Which of the following is a Sedimentary rock? a) Basalt b) Granite c) Marble d) Sandstone e) Quartz f) Gneiss 2) Which of the following is NOT a type of Physical Weathering a) Heating and Cooling b) Hydrolysis c) Grinding Action d) Freezing Action e) Activity of Roots 3) Which of the following statements is true a) Oxidation is gaining electrons and reduction is losing electrons b) Oxidation is loss of electrons and reduction is gaining electrons 4) There are 3 types of bogs in Ireland. Which one has the greatest depth? a) Basin Peat b) Raised Bog c) Blanket Bog 5) In an ideal soil, Which of the following is expected? a) 25% Air, 25% Water, 40% organic matter, 10% mineral matter b) 50% water, 25% Air, 5% Organic Matter, 20% Mineral matter  c) 25% Air, 25% Water, 45% Mineral Matter, 5% Organic Matter d) 25% Water, 25% Air, 45% Organic Matter, 5% Mineral Matter 6) Soil Profiles: Which horizon is known as the Zone of maximum leaching? a) B2 b) O1 c) C d) A2 e) D f) A1 7) Which of the following would apply to a Podzol? a) Poorly drained soil that forms in waterlogged, anaerobic conditions b) Found on shallow, stony soils of less than 30cm depth c) Found overlying acid parent material such as sandstone d) Found on chalky shallow soils, usually limestone parent material 8) Which of the following experiments use the Soil Triangle? a) To show flocculation in a soil sample b) To determine the texture of a soil sample using a soil sieve c) To determine the % Organic Matter in a soil sample d) To demonstrate capillarity in a compacted and uncompacted soil 9) Which of the following is NOT a property of a Loam Soil? a) Easily Tilled b) Good Fertility c) Will warm up in Spring d) Poor drainage e) Good aeration 10) Soil Porosity: Which of the following statements is TRUE? a) This occurs when soil particles are pressed together b) Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to low concentration c) Porosity refers to the total volume of the soil occupied by soil pores 11) Available Water Capacity is a) Available Water Capacity = Field Capacity - Permanent Wilting point b) This is the water present in the soil after the gravitational water has been drained away c) The point at which no more capillary water can be removed from a soil. 12) Which of the following Statements is true a) Flocculation is the clustering together of soil particles to create larger structures called floccules/peds/aggegates b) The chemically active particles in the soil are sand and silt c) Cation Exchange is the ability of soil particles to repel cations 13) Most crops will grow in a pH range of a) 3.5-6.5 b) 4.5-7.5 c) 5.5-7.5 d) 5.5-8.5 14) Carbon Cycle: Many of the microscopic organisms in the soil convert carbon from one form to another. Which of the following statements is NOT true? a) Plants take in carbon monoxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis and convert it to carbohydrate b) Animals eat plants. Animals respire to produce carbon dioxide and animal manure c) Microorganisms in the soil break down plant and animal manures. They respire, producing carbon dioxide. d) Some of the carbon dioxide produced in the soil diffuses back into the atmosphere where it can be used by plants during photosynthesis

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