Men have more water in their body as compared to women for the reason that:, Men have more fat tissue, Women have more muscles, Women have more fat tissue, Men have wider body surface area, The most abundant cations; Intracellular: ________ while Extracellular: ________, Na and Cl, Cl and PO4, PO4 and Mg, K and Na, The distribution of water from a lesser area of solute concentration to a higher area of solute concentration is:, Active transport, Diffusion, Filtration, Osmosis, A cell exposed to a solution with more solutes than solvent will:, Shrink, Swell, Dehydrate, Maintain its shape, Which among the following mechanisms has an end result of increasing fluid volume?, Inactivity of baroreceptors, Stimulation of osmoreceptors, Inhibition of thirst mechanism, Activation of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Release, Normal Urine Specific Gravity:, 200–800 mOsm/kg, 1.010–1.025, 10–120 mg/dL, 0.7–1.4 mg/dL, A client’s blood chemistry revealed Na level of 150 mEq/dL. To prevent cellular dehydration, what kind of solution will you anticipate the care provider to order?, Expanders, Isotonic solution, Hypotonic solution, Hypertonic solution, A client is suffering from fluid volume excess. His nurse expects the following signs to be seen in him: SELECT ALL THAT APPLY, Increased BP, Increased CVP, Increased serum sodium, Tachycardia; bounding pulse, Altered mental status related to cerebral edema, none of the above, One of the possible causes of the above condition is:, Burns, GI suctioning, Heart failure, Diabetes Insipidus, A client suspected to have heart failure presented to the emergency room with complaints of chest tightness and difficulty of breathing. Upon assessment, the nurse noted pitting of the skin over the shins of about 6–8 mm. The nurse grades the edema as:, 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+, The nurse may anticipate that a client with heart failure may eventually develop which sodium imbalance?, Both, Hypernatremia, Hyponatremia, none, A body builder was admitted because of a back injury right after his workout. There was a delay in the workup of the specimens. His blood chemistry revealed a slight increase in serum potassium level but he does not manifest signs and symptoms. What could have caused this condition?, Quick hemolysis of aged transfused blood, Client sweated too much from the workout, Possible hemolysis from the delay of the blood studies, Blood was taken from the arm with IV infusion with K+, What would the nurse suggest as the best action for the above condition?, Retest, Administer Kayexalate, Increase oral fluid intake, Start oral supplementation of K+, Another client under the nurse’s care has a potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L. The nurse anticipates that the doctor will order what possible treatment?, Osmotic diuretics, Insulin and glucose, Sodium bicarbonate, Potassium supplement, A client who just had surgery of the thyroid gland suddenly experienced tingling and spasms of the extremities. His blood test revealed a total calcium level of 7 mg/dL and a potassium level of 3.5 mEq/L. The nurse may suspect:, Hypercalcemia, Hypocalcemia, Hyperkalemia, Hypokalemia, Which other findings may support the nurse’s suspicion? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY, Edema, Muscular spasms, Dysrhythmia, Hyper-reactive deep tendon reflex, Twitching of the face when the cheeks are tapped, None of the above, The nurse notes positive Trousseau sign if there is:, Respiratory arrest due to laryngospasm, Hypotension and ventricular dysrhythmias, Spasm of the carpals when an inflated BP cuff is applied, Contraction of the facial muscles following a tap on the facial nerve, A patient is placed on arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis. The trained nurse performs which clearance assessment before extraction?, Allen’s test, O₂ Saturation, BP and pulse rate, Clotting time and bleeding time, Partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time, none of the above, A 40-year-old client’s ABG result revealed pH 7.36, PaCO₂ 32 mmHg, HCO₃ 17 mEq/dL and PaO₂ 94 mmHg. The nurse interpreted this as:, Partially compensated mixed alkalosis, Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis, Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis, Fully compensated metabolic acidosis, Fully compensated respiratory acidosis, none of the above, The cause of the above condition is possibly:, Diarrhea, Vomiting, Severe anxiety, Gastric suctioning, The managements for the above condition are the following; EXCEPT:, Start PNSS infusion, Oral fluid replacement, Eliminating sources of chloride, Administration of sodium bicarbonate, A 35-year-old patient has shortness of breath and orthopnea. ABG: pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 50 mmHg, HCO₃ 26 mEq/dL and PaO₂ 97 mmHg. The nurse knows that this is:, Partially compensated mixed alkalosis, Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis, Uncompensated respiratory acidosis, Fully compensated metabolic acidosis, Fully compensated respiratory acidosis, none of the above, What could be the possible cause of the patient’s ABG result?, Anxiety, Diarrhea, Gastric fistula, Pulmonary edema, The possible management for the above condition are the following: SELECT ALL THAT APPLY, Semi-Fowler’s position, Supplemental oxygen per PCP’s orders, Administer bronchodilator per PCP’s order, Adequate hydration to moisten mucous membrane, High-Fowler position, none of the above, A pH of 7.30 mmHg, PaCO₂ 40 mmHg and HCO₃ 17 mEq/dL are the results of a young adult’s ABG analysis. He also has increased ketones and uncontrolled high glucose levels. The nurse interpreted this as:, Compensated respiratory acidosis, Uncompensated respiratory acidosis, Compensated metabolic acidosis, Uncompensated metabolic acidosis, The client’s condition is possibly caused by:, Vomiting, Gastric suction, Diabetes Mellitus, Antacid overdose, The nurse may anticipate the primary care provider to order which management?, IV insulin, Fluid replacement, Narcotic antagonist, Administration of sodium bicarbonate, A tachypneic client’s ABG result showed an abnormal increase in pH level and abnormal decrease of partial pressure CO₂. The best nursing action is, Refer to the doctor right away, Ask the client to breathe slowly in a bag, Encourage the client to do breathing exercises, Adjust room temperature to keep the client cool, What are the possible causes of the above condition?, Asthma, Anxiety, Chest trauma, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, A fatty mass that holds the kidney in place and acts as a cushion against trauma, Renal cortex, Outer renal fascia, Inner renal capsule, Middle adipose capsule, A routine urinalysis is ordered for Tina for her employment checkup. If a delay for the specimen to be tested would occur, what action should the nurse take?, Take no special action, Refrigerate the specimen, Store on “dirty” side of utility room, Discard and collect a new specimen later, Tina’s urinalysis revealed a pH of 6.0, clear, light yellow, aromatic with 2 per hpf WBC. The nurse knows that this means a/an:, Normal result, Artifact result, Abnormal result, Unremarkable result, Tina complained of radiating pain on her abdomen that is colicky in nature. The nurse explains to her that most likely she has a problem in her:, Bladder, Kidneys, Ureter, Urethra, A nurse is interviewing a patient diagnosed with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). She expects to see which signs and symptoms in his history of present illness? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY, Pyuria, Dysuria, Fever, chills, Loss of appetite, Pain: Flank, one or both sides, none of the above, A client with UTI is given the prescription to take phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium). The nurse recalls that this is indicated for:, Pyuria, Oliguria, Hyperthermia, Discomforts on costo-vertebral angle, The CT scan and MRI results of a patient diagnosed with renal carcinoma revealed tumor that extends beyond the renal capsule, involving the perinephric fats but no metastasis. The nurse knows that this is stage:, I, II, III, IV, A day status post radical nephrectomy, a client had episodes of urination with urine amounting only to 15 mL/hour. The nurse’s best response is to:, Continue monitoring, Increase IV fluids flow rate, Report immediately to the physician, Review medications and monitor effects, What information in a client’s history would support her diagnosis of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN)?, Salty diet, History of pharyngitis, History of dehydration from severe diarrhea, Uncle from mother’s side with cystic kidney disease, A patient diagnosed with Nephrotic Syndrome was assigned to a nurse who is about to do her initial rounds. The most common manifestations of this disorder are: SELECT ALL THAT APPLY, Massive edema, Hyperlipidemia, Massive proteinuria, Severe hypertension, A patient develops anasarca. The nurse includes the following in her care; EXCEPT:, Turn frequently, No IM injection, Do not use adhesives, Use egg crate mattress, Apply supportive elastic bandage, none of the above, In the Emergency Department, the nurse received a patient from a vehicular accident. The nurse noticed that he has a massive hematoma on the right flank and is showing signs of shock which are: SELECT ALL THAT APPLY, Hypotension, Tachycardia, Tachypnea, Decreased level of consciousness, Cool pale skin, none, A patient diagnosed with Chronic Renal Failure manifested anemia, edema, pulmonary congestion and GFR of 15–20%. The nurse knows that this means he is in what stage of CRF?, Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, Stage IV, The patient’s serum potassium is elevated and the nurse administers sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate). This drug acts by:, Releasing hydrogen ions for sodium ions, Increasing calcium absorption in the colon, Exchanging sodium for potassium in the colon, Increasing potassium excretion from the colon through binding, If the client’s serum potassium continues to rise, a nurse should anticipate preparing for which emergency situation?, Hemorrhage, Cardiac arrest, Pulmonary edema, Circulatory collapse, A patient was placed on hemodialysis therapy. The nurse considers the following care prior to his hemodialysis; EXCEPT:, Have client void, Auscultate for bruit, Taking BP on the fistula site, Assess vital signs before and every 30 minutes during procedure, Which of the following abnormal blood values cannot directly be improved by dialysis treatment?, Hyperkalemia, Hypernatremia, Decreased hemoglobin, Elevated serum creatinine, The nurse started a patient’s first hemodialysis treatment. During the procedure the patient develops headache, confusion and nausea. These findings indicate which potential complication?, Peritonitis, Air embolism, Hyperkalemia, Disequilibrium syndrome, A patient is placed on renal replacement therapy and found a compatible, living relative as a donor. The nurse recalls that the requirements for living donors are the following; EXCEPT, Emotional well-being is determined, Should have been cleared from communicable diseases, Must have excellent health with a functioning kidney, Should have been screened for ABO, tissue-specific antigen, histocompatibility, To ensure adequate nutritional intake, the most appropriate diet plan for a patient with CRF is:, Low protein, low potassium, High carbohydrate, high protein, Low protein, low potassium, low sodium, High calcium, high potassium, high protein, During peritoneal dialysis, the solution has to be warmed. The primary reason for this is to:, Add extra warmth and avoid chills, Force electrolytes back to the cells, Promote abdominal muscle relaxation, Encourage vasodilation for better removal of serum urea, During the early outflow phase the nurse observes that the flow of dialysate stops. Her best response should be:, Have the client walk, Have the client sit on a chair, Turn the client from side to side, Reposition the peritoneal catheter, When asked what best indicates peritoneal infection in peritoneal dialysis, the patient should answer:, Swelling of legs, Cloudy dialysate flow, Redness at the catheter site, Poor drainage during inflow and outflow, A 60-year-old patient is experiencing gross hematuria, decreased caliber of urine stream and urgency. He is suspected to have bladder cancer. Which symptom is the most common clinical finding associated with bladder cancer?, Dysuria, Urinary retention, Suprapubic pain, Painless hematuria, The patient underwent cystoscopy to confirm initial findings. Which symptom would indicate that he has developed a complication after the procedure?, Chills, Dizziness, Bladder spasms, Pink-tinged urine, A urinary diversion was made after confirming bladder cancer. The patient tells you, “This can be very embarrassing for me and my family.” An appropriate diagnosis is:, Anxiety related to urinary diversion care, Low-esteem related to feelings of role change, Deficient knowledge about the care of urinary diversion, Disturbed body image related to creation of a urinary, A female patient is admitted with a diagnosis of renal calculi. She is experiencing severe sharp flank pain, nausea and vomiting, flushed and warm skin, and a temperature of 38.5°C. Which would be a priority goal for this patient?, Alleviation of pain, Relief from nausea and vomiting, Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte, Prevention of urinary tract complications, She is scheduled to have a kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB) radiograph. Which will be ordered to prepare her for the procedure?, An enema will be done prior to examination, A sedative will be administered before the procedure, No special preparation is required for this ordered procedure, Food and fluids will be withheld 8 hours prior to the procedure, The radiograph result conveyed vague findings and the patient is scheduled for intravenous pyelogram (IVP) to confirm diagnosis. Which responsibility would be most important to observe prior to the procedure?, Checking the client’s history for iodine allergy, Encouraging client to increase fluid intake on the day of the test, Checking client’s last voiding and bowel movement prior to the test, Educating the client for possible bladder spasms during the procedure, The nurse anticipates which measure to include in her plan of care after an IVP procedure?, Maintaining flat on bed order, Administering of pain reliever, Assessing for signs of hematuria, Encouraging client to increase fluid intake, The patient undergoes surgery which revealed a stone composed of calcium. An acid-ash diet was ordered. Which food items at home would indicate that the patient understands the necessary diet changes?, Milk, apples, tomatoes and corn, Grapes, poultry, fish, and cranberry, Tea, chocolate, spinach and wheat, Liver, brains, kidney, venison, and meat soups

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