Give a numerical portrayal of the learning interaction that happens as task repetition happens, Learning Curve or LCs, Suggests that the performance level of a worker improves with the repetition of tasks. This is because, the worker learns more about the activity, Learning Curve Theory, Are useful because they help you understand whether your company's processes and people are working well enough to have the resources to improve them., Learning Curve Model, Can tell you whether performance is improving, decreasing, stagnating, or fluctuating., Shape of Learning Curve, This can raise awareness of the potential impacts on this performance so that you can make decisions that will help increase positive impacts on your company and mitigate negative impacts., Shape of Learning Curve, 4 types of learning curve?, Diminishing-returns Curve, Increasing-Returns Curve, S-Curve, and Complex Learning Curve, downward slope followed by a plateau or straight line indicates that your learning period is brief and you are achieving maximal proficiency rapidly., Diminishing-returns Curve, The rate progression grows significantly at first and then declines gradually over time., Diminishing-returns Curve, This describes a situation where the task may be easy to learn and progression of learning is initially fast and rapid., Diminishing-returns Curve, The rate of progression is slow at the beginning and then rises over time until full proficiency is obtained., Increasing-Returns Curve, This model describes a situation where perhaps a complex task is being learned and the rate of learning is initially slow., Increasing-Returns Curve, What type of Learning curve is this?, S-curve, the initial inclination of this earning curve will be shallow, followed by a precipitous decline. This indicates that the work is difficult to learn, but once mastered, personnel can rapidly achieve high levels of productivity., Increasing-Returns Curve, It measures an individual who is new to a task. The bottom of the curve indicates slow learning as the learner works to master the skills required and takes more time to do so., S-Curve, What type of Learning curve is this?, Increasing-Returns Curve, SDS stands for??, Standard Data Systems, What type of Learning curve is this?, Complex Learning Curve., The bottom of the curve denotes slow learning, as it takes the learner longer to master the required skills., S-curve, Is a database of normal time values, typically organized by work elements, that can be used to define time standards for tasks with work elements that are similar to those in the database, Standard Data Systems, This is the most comprehensive learning curve your firm utilizes for tough tasks. It is depicted through five learning stages., Complex Learning Curve., Normal times that have been compiled came from different method of direct time studies such as PMTS. Time standards can be established even before the task starts, Standard Data Systems, What type of Learning curve is this?, Diminishing-returns Curve, A database of recorded normal time values that is composed of similar tasks to establish a standard time, Standard Data Systems, associated with activities required to change over from one batch to the next, Setup elements, Performed once per batch, Setup elements, associated with the processing of work units within a given batch, Production elements, Performed once per work unit, Production elements, same time value in all time studies and tasks ex. Dial telephone number of customers, Constant elements, same basic motion elements but normal times vary due to differences in work units ex. Load work piece into machine, Variable elements, manual elements. Can be setup or production cycle elements, Operator-paced elements, machine time depends on machine operating parameters. Once parameters are set, the machine time can be determined with great accuracy, Machine-controlled elements, performed once every cycle, Regular elements, performed less frequently than once per cycle, Irregular elements, manual elements performed in series with machine elements, External elements, manual elements performed at same time machine is running, Internal elements, Are beneficial since they help you determine whether your company's processes and employees are doing well enough for you to invest in their improvement, Learning Curve Model, Developed by T.P. Wright and sometimes called Cumulative Average Model and is more frequently applied to issues involving simple learning curves., Wright's Model, a team of Stanford researchers developed a second model called or also known as the Incremental Unit Time (or Cost) Model which is often employed in practice., Crawford's Model, This is the most comprehensive learning curve your firm utilizes for tough tasks, Complex Learning Curve., A shallow slope at first, followed by a steep decline., Increasing-Returns Curve, What are the 6 Work factors mains WF?, Detailed Work Factor, Simplified Work Factor, Abbreviated Work Factor, Ready Work Factor, Brief Work Factor, and Detailed Mento Factor, Is used for operations involving accurate time standards and savings greater than the expense of determining certain standards as a result of using accurate time standards. Can find a wide range of applications in many factories and bureaus, Detailed Work Factor (DWF), What are the 4 major variable that influences manual motions according to WFS?, Body members, Distance, Manual control and weight or resistance (W), WFS stands for?, Work Factor system, The measurements in straight lines between the starting point and stop point of the motion as defined by members of the body (except for distances with changes in direction). When a change in direction is made on purpose while traveling, a function factor is used to carefully measure the distance in a straight line., Distance, Different types of movements occasionally necessitate varying degrees of manual control. The amount of time spent in motion will be increased. In this method, the necessary manual control is determined by the job factor, Manual Control, The weight of the object being handled has an impact on motion time, as does the need to exert force to overcome resistance. The impact of weight on time varies depending on (i) the body part used and (ii) the operator's gender, Weight or Resistance (W), This is a typically level higher that can be established for medium quantities using a systematic process., SIMPLIFIED WORK FACTOR SYSTEM, This is a higher-level approach that is based on a comprehensive system of work factors and is ideal for small workplaces. These systems have been set up to meet the need for a very basic system of standard times., ABBREVIATED WORK FACTOR SYSTEM, People who are unfamiliar with the details of time test techniques should use an adapted approach with a higher-level job factor., READY WORK FACTOR SYSTEM, The short method, like Abbreviated Systems, is very modern and uses a time unit of 0.005 minute (recorded as 5). The detailed and ready systems have been designed to follow the format., BRIEF WORK FACTOR SYSTEM, This is a fundamental tool for calculating mental processes such as examinations, proofreading, color matching, and calculation, as well as almost every other repeatable or semi-repeatable mental procedure, MENTO-FACTOR SYSTEM, It's commonly used in manufacturing and other industries to assess manual labor., READY WORK FACTOR SYSTEM, This method was created to meet the need for a simple measurement method that could be used to compare manual movement times, READY WORK FACTOR SYSTEM, is a very simple device that is particularly useful in measuring medium to long-term activities with intervals of 0.15 minutes and higher for people who are familiar with production activities, READY WORK FACTOR SYSTEM, It is very effective in planning projections before actual development starts., SIMPLIFIED WORK FACTOR SYSTEM, is an indirect work-measurement technique that estimates the proportion of time a worker, machine, or system spends in defined activity states, Work sampling, is a method of determining the percentages of total time spent on the different tasks that make up a job or work situation, Work sampling, analysis involves making a large number of observations of employees over a long period of time., Job sampling, estimates how time is distributed among working, waiting, setup, idle, or other states, Activity and delay analysis, estimates the percentage of available time that a resource is active or productive., Worker or machine utilization, estimates the occurrence of personal, fatigue, and unavoidable-delay states when the study design is suitable., allowance study, under controlled conditions, work sampling can contribute to standard-time development when output and performance rating are also available, Time standard, one analyst can observe several workers or machines when travel and observation timing remain practical., Multi-Resource study, is an indirect work-measurement technique that estimates the proportion of time a worker, machine, or system spends in defined activity states. tes, Work sampling, is a database of basic elements and their associated normal time values, together with procedures for applying the data to analyze manual tasks and establish standard times for the tasks, Predetermined motion time systems (PMTS), PMTS stands for?, Predetermined motion time systems, is composed of methods that set basic times for doing basic human activities necessary for carrying out a job or task., Predetermined motion time systems (PMTS), is a method to structure sequences lences of movements into basic movements., Methods Time Measurement (MTM), MTM stands for?, Methods Time Measurement, for an object or a location, Reach, an object, touching it or closing the fingers around it, Grasp, an object a specified distance to a specified place, Move, an object in order to locate it in a particular way, usually prior to, Re-grasp, an object to relinquish control on it, Release

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