What is “hedging” in academic writing?, Avoiding giving an opinion, Avoiding overly general or definitive statements, Making every statement more complicated, Making your argument sound more emotional, Which sentence is appropriately hedged?, Many elderly people like going for walks., Elderly people definitely like going for walks., All elderly people like going for walks., Elderly people like going for walks., Which sentence is more appropriately hedged for an IELTS essay?, Studying abroad is good for your career., Studying abroad is always beneficial., Studying abroad can be good for your career., Studying abroad will improve everyone's career., Which sentence avoids making an absolute generalisation?, Rich people are less happy., Rich people are definitely less happy., Rich people are always less happy., Rich people are often less happy., Which sentence attributes a claim to other people rather than presenting it as an absolute fact?, Some people believe that girls do not like sports., Everyone knows that girls dislike sports., Girls clearly dislike sports., Girls do not like sports., Why is hedging useful in academic writing?, It makes every claim longer., It allows writers to avoid answering the question., It eliminates the need for evidence., It helps writers avoid making claims that are too absolute., According to the material, hedging is something that:, is mainly used in informal conversation., higher-level English speakers do naturally., should be avoided by advanced speakers., only IELTS examiners use., Why can hedging be particularly useful in IELTS?, It guarantees a higher grammar score., Every IELTS question has one correct answer., It can help candidates demonstrate critical thinking and recognise exceptions., IELTS requires candidates to avoid giving opinions., Which group contains only modal verbs recommended for hedging in the material?, can – could – may – might, must – will – shall – need, should – must – will – have to, would – must – shall – need, Which sentence is appropriately hedged?, Fast food will cause health problems., Eating fast food may lead to health problems., Eating fast food definitely leads to health problems., Fast food causes health problems., Which modal makes this claim less absolute? “Watching YouTube videos ___ be a waste of time.”, must, shall, can, will, Which sentence makes the weakest and most cautious claim?, This policy definitely reduces unemployment., This policy will reduce unemployment., This policy reduces unemployment., This policy might reduce unemployment., What is the purpose of introductory hedging phrases?, To make statements more certain, To make statements sound less certain and absolute, To replace topic sentences, To introduce examples only, Which phrase appropriately hedges a general claim?, It is absolutely certain that..., It is an undeniable fact that..., It is often assumed that..., Everyone knows that..., Which expression is given in the material as a hedging phrase?, It is unquestionably true that..., It is a proven fact that..., There is no doubt whatsoever that..., It is generally agreed that..., Which sentence presents an opinion without claiming that it is an objective fact?, I believe that young people spend too much time online., Young people unquestionably spend too much time online., It is a fact that young people spend too much time online., Young people definitely spend too much time online., Which phrase appropriately attributes a judgement to a group of people?, It is definitely true that..., Everyone accepts that..., It is impossible to deny that..., Some people consider..., Which two adverbs does the material specifically recommend avoiding when hedging?, always and never, possibly and probably, rarely and occasionally, often and usually, Which word is a suitable hedging alternative to “always”?, absolutely, definitely, often, certainly, Which adverb makes a statement less absolute?, undoubtedly, generally, definitely, certainly, Which word can be used when something happens infrequently?, always, universally, occasionally, definitely, Which expression can hedge a broad generalisation?, It is a fact that, Generally speaking, Without exception, In every case, Which sentence is best hedged?, Teenagers often complain about homework., Teenagers always complain about homework., Teenagers unquestionably complain about homework., Teenagers never enjoy homework., Which expression is specifically identified as a hedging verb structure?, have to, be certain to, must, tend to, Which expression can make an observation less definite?, seem to, prove to, definitely, have to, Which is another hedging verb structure from the material?, prove to, appear to, certainly, guarantee to, Which sentence is appropriately hedged?, Young people clearly enjoy chatting online more., Young people enjoy chatting online more than older people., All young people enjoy chatting online more., Young people seem to enjoy chatting online more than older people., Why are quantifiers useful for hedging?, They make examples unnecessary., They prove that a statement is correct., They limit a claim instead of applying it to everyone., They make every statement more formal., Which expression makes a statement less general?, All people, The majority of people, People without exception, Every person, Which quantifier is useful when you do not want to make a claim about all teenagers?, Many teenagers, Teenagers universally, All teenagers, Every teenager, Which expression limits a statement to particular circumstances?, In every possible case, In all situations, Without exception, In certain situations, Which is the better hedged statement?, Teenagers are definitely rude to their parents., All teenagers are rude to their parents., Many teenagers are rude to their parents., Teenagers are always rude to their parents., Which sentence is less absolute?, It is believed that living abroad is beneficial for your career., Everyone knows that living abroad benefits your career., It is a fact that living abroad benefits your career., Living abroad definitely benefits your career., Which sentence is appropriately hedged?, People in North America definitely earn more money., All people in North America earn more money., People in North America clearly earn more money., People in North America tend to earn more money., Which verb is more appropriate when research provides evidence but does not establish absolute proof?, confirms absolutely, proves, suggests, guarantees, Which sentence is more cautious?, Playing an instrument definitely makes you smarter., Playing an instrument could make you smarter., Playing an instrument makes everyone smarter., Playing an instrument will make you smarter., Which sentence is appropriately hedged?, Living abroad is always expensive., Living abroad will be expensive., Living abroad is expensive., Living abroad can be expensive., Which sentence would generally be more appropriate in an IELTS essay?, Technology always damages relationships., Technology destroys social relationships., Technology can have a negative effect on social relationships., Everyone knows technology destroys relationships., Which sentence demonstrates the best awareness of exceptions?, University education guarantees career success., University education may improve career prospects for some people., University education is always necessary for career success., People without university degrees cannot have successful careers., Which principle best summarises the lesson?, Avoid unnecessary absolute generalisations by using appropriately cautious language., Avoid making any clear claims in IELTS essays., Never express a strong opinion., Add “might” to every sentence.

ADVANCED SKILL: HEDGING

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