onomatopoeia, a word or phrase that approximates the sound of a thing, metaphor, directly compares two unlike things, simile, compares two things using like or as, hyperbole, the use of exaggeration to achieve an effect, personification, giving nonliving things human characteristics, feelings or qualities, irony, uses words to express something that is different and often the opposite of its literal meaning, symbol, represents both itself and something else with a deeper meaning, imagery, uses words that appeal to the reader's senses to describe something, understatement, used to represent something as smaller or less intense to achieve an effect, sarcasm, a specific form of verbal irony that is intended to be satirical or hurtful, idiom, a phrase with meaning that is unconnected to the underlying meaning of its component words, analogy, an extended comparison to clarify an idea.

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