monosaccharide, A simple sugar that cannot be hydrolyzed; building block for complex carbs​, glycosidic bond, The covalent link between sugar units formed via condensation​, aldose, A sugar with an aldehyde group as its carbonyl​, ketose, A sugar with a ketone group as its carbonyl​, glucose, The most abundant organic compound and major cellular energy source​, fructose, The sweetest naturally occurring sugar; a ketohexose found in fruits​, ribose, A five-carbon sugar important for RNA structure​, sucrose, A disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose; common table sugar​, lactose, A milk sugar formed from glucose and galactose; may cause intolerance​, starch, A plant storage polysaccharide made of amylose and amylopectin​, glycogen, Highly branched animal glucose storage molecule; more compact than starch, cellulose, A β(1→4)-linked glucose polymer that forms plant cell walls​, chitin, A structural polymer in fungi and arthropods; similar to cellulose but with acetyl groups​, glycoprotein, A glycoconjugate important in cell signaling and protein folding​, peptidoglycan, A bacterial cell wall polymer of sugars and peptides; gives structural strength​.

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