Dyspnea - Difficult or labored breathing, Apnea - Patient stops breathing, Bradypnea - Abnormally slow breathing, Tachypnea - Rapid breathing, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea - Attacks of SOB and coughing when sleeping, Orthopnea - SOB while lying flat, Hemoptysis - Coughing up blood, Bronchophony - Client states 99 which should provide inaudible sounds. If it is clear test is positive, Egophony - Client states letter e, which should sound like e, Whispered Pectoriloquy - Patient quietly says 99, and sound should be inaudible, Tacticle Fremitus - Use base/ball of hand and touch persons chest -- have patient state words 99. -- assess for vibrations, Symmetrical Expansion - Place hands at the 10th rib -- place fingers parallel to each other and slightly apart -- have patient breathe in deeply. -- Assess for expansion of rib cage and contraction along with equal separation of thumbs, Vesicular Breath Sounds - soft and low, whispering undertones, inspiration is greater than expiration, over most of the lungs, Bronchial Breath Sounds - loud and high, coarse or tubular, inspiration is less than expiration, larynx and trachea, Bronchovesicular Breath Sounds - intermediate and intermediate, inspiration and expiration equal, anterior between 1st and 2nd ICS between scapula found more centrally, over major bronchi that have fewer alveoli, Crackles - discontinuous sounds caused by fluid in airways or alveoli. Result from opening of collapsed airway and alveoli while they reinflate. Sound like hairs rubbing together or Velcro, Wheezing - continuous, high-pitched, musical sounds. Caused by air squeezing through narrowed airways, like asthma. Generally heard during expiratory phase in mild-to-moderate airway narrowing. In severe attacks can be heard in inspiration and expiration., Ronchi - continuous, low-pitched, snoring sounds, resulting from secretions moving around in airways. Often louder in expiratory phase, but heard through respiratory cycle. May clear with coughing and are heard mostly in chronic bronchitis, Stridor - loud, high-pitched crowing or honking sound louder in upper airway. Laryngeal or tracheal inflammation or spasm can cause, also aspiration of foreign object., Adventitious  - not normally heard. They are extra sounds overlying normal breath sounds,

Respiratory System

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