microevolution  - evolution that occurs on a small scale affecting a single population, macroevolution  - evolution scale affecting changes in species across populations, natural selection - individual members of a population have different traits which allow them to interact with the environment either more or less effectively than the other members of the population. Natural selection results in changes in the inherited traits of a population over time, adaptation  - makes the organisms better able to survive and reproduce, sexual reproduction  - uses the process of meiosis to create gametes, asexual reproduct - involves only one parent that produces the offspring that are for the most part genetically identical to that parent, species - a group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can interbreed with one another to produce fertile offspring, genetic drift - Random change in the frequency of alleles of a population over time, gene flow - Movement of genes into or out of a population, non-random mating - limits the frequency of the expression of certain alleles, mutations  - increase the frequencies and types of allele changes within the population, genetic equilibrium - when there is no change in allele frequencies in a population , gradualism - gradual changes of a species in a particular way over long periods of time, punctuated equilibrium - periods of sudden change after long periods of little change, adaptive radiation - ex. Darwin's finches; different species branch off from common ancestor, convergent evolution - produces analogous structures (similar, but from different evolutionary origin), phylogenetic tree - used to show evolutionary history of a species, homologous structures - Shared anatomical structures between organism which have diverged from a common ancestor, embryology - study of the embryonic development of organism, transitional fossils - show links in traits between groups of organisms used to document intermediate stages in the evolution of a species,

Biological Evolution EOC Review

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