Leaching - Wherever rainfall exceeds evaporation and there is free downward movement of water through the soil pore system, soluble minerals are leached or removed from the soil profile., Weathering - This refers to the breakdown of decomposition of rocks and minerals by factors including air, water, sun and frost., Decomposition - The breakdown of plan derived material into its simpler organic constituents. This is accomplished by enzymes, earthworms, mites and other organisms. The breakdown of plant remains leading to the formation of different types of humus. It is probably the most important biological process taking place in soils., Capillary Action - Where evaporation exceeds precipitation, moisture moves upwards within the soil profile by this process. It is therefore in the reverse direction to leaching.,

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