Social Contract - an agreement by which people gave up their freedom to a powerful government in order to avoid chaos, Natural Rights - rights that belong to all humans from birth such as life, liberty and property, Philosophe - another name for French philosophers, Enlightenment Philosophers - Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire and Rousseau, Adam Smith - economist most remembered for his materpiece An Inquiry into theNature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations , Free Market - market regulated by the natural laws of supply and demand, Free Enterprise System - economic system also known as capitalism. Private businesses are able to complete with each other, Censorship - restriction on access to ideas and information, Baroque - ornate style of art and architecture popular in the 1600's and 1700's, Rococo - personal, elegant style of art and architecture made popular during the mid 1700s that featured designs with the shapes of leaves, shells and flowers, Enlightened Despot - absolute ruler who used his or her power to bring about political and social change, Joseph II - considered the most radical of the enlightened despots. ruled in Austria, How was the Scientific Revolution directly related to the development of the concept of natural law? - Scientific successes and breakthroughs reflected the new reliance on reason and the application of scientific principles, How did Hobbes and Locke differ in their views towards the role of government? - Hobbes believed that the government needed to impose order and compel obedience. Locke thought governments should have limited power and be sanctioned by all citizens. , What political philosophies did Rousseau set forth in The Social Contract? - He felt that control on people's behavior should be minimal and that only governments that had been freely elected should impose these controls. , How is laissez-faire policy different from mercantilism? - Laissez-faire policy dictates the free market should be allowed to regulate business activity while mercantilism required government regulation of the economy to achieve a favorable balance of trade, How did those opposed to Enlightenment ideas try to stop the spread of information? - They banned and burned books and imprisoned writers, How did literature change as Enlightenment ideas spread? - Literature developed new forms and more readers, What did Fredrick the Great mean by "In my kingdom, everyone can go to heaven in his own fashion?" - He believed in freedom of religion, Explain the influence and progression of thought from the Scientific Revolution to the Enlightenment. - A scientists discovered the laws that governed the physical world, philosophers began to seek natural laws that governed society, What are some ways Enlightenment ideas spread? - Diderot's Encyclopedia, pamphlets, new forms of music, visual art developed, various groups enjoyed literature and art, Components of the Free Enterprise System - economic system where markets operate freely, allowing the forces of supply and demand to regulate the market with little government interference, Why were some absolute monarchs willing to consider Enlightenment ideas?  - They embraced the explanations of the philosophers and were more compassionate about the suffering of their subjects than others. Or they knew change would come from the lower classes and work their way up, so they reformed rather than lose control of the people. , How were Locke and Rousseau similar? - They both emphasized the right of the people with regard to their government. Locke believed the government has an obligation to the people it governs and that people could overthrow it when it was unjust. Rousseau thought only a freely elected government was just thought only, Who would Catherine the Great meet with to explore her interest in Enlightened ideas? - Scholars such as Scientists , Who influenced Locke, Rousseau and Kant? - Hobbes, Locke influenced what United States document? - U.S. constitution, Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws advanced what idea? - Separation of Powers, What did Voltaire consider the enemies of freedom to be? - ignorance, superstition and intolerance, Rousseau impacted on how... - parents educated their children and peoples taste in art and music, Adam Smith is known as... - the father of modern economics, Joseph II promoted... and abolished.... - equality for protestants and Jews. He abolished serfdom , Who encouraged freedom of the press? - Joseph II, Salon - informal social gathering at which writers, artists, philosophers and others exchanged ideas,

Enlightenment

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