substantive criminal law - a body of specific rules that declare what conduct is criminal and that prescribe the punishment to be imposed for such a conduct, criminal procedure - the rules and laws that define the operation of criminal proceedings. Procedural law describes the methods that must be followed in obtaining warrants, investigating offenses affecting lawful arrests, conducting trials introducing evidence, sentencing convicted offenders and reviewing cases by appellate court, civil law - all law that is not criminal including the law of torts and contract,property, maritime and commercial laws, Tort - a personal injury or wrong for which an action for damages may be brought, public law - the branch of law that deals with the state or government and its relationship with individuals or other government, lex talionis - an ancient legal code, the belief that the purpose of the law is to provide retaliation for an offended party and that the punishment should fit the crime, stare decisis - the legal principle by which the decision or holding in an earlier case becomes the standard by which subsequent similar cases are judged, common law - a body of unwritten laws based on legal precedents established by the courts, mala in se - refers to acts that society considers inherently evil such as murder or rape, mala prohibitum - conduct that constitutes an unlawful act only by virtue of statute, as opposed to conduct that is evil in and of itself, ex post facto laws - acts that retroactively change legal status of actions that were committed before the enactment of a law and/ or change the consequences after it ended, Felony - a crime, typically one involving violence, regarded as more serious than a misdemeanor, Misdemeanor - a minor wrongdoing, actus reus - action or conduct which is a constituent element of a crime, as opposed to the mental state of the accused, mens rea - the intention or knowledge of wrongdoing that constitutes part of a crime, as opposed to the action or conduct of the accused., strict liability crime - when a defendant is liable for committing an action, regardless of what his/her intent, excuse defense - claims that even though the defendant committed the criminal act with criminal intent, the defendant should not be responsible for his or her behavior, justification defense - exempts the defendant from liability because the defendant's actions were justified, or not wrong., Insanity - the state of being seriously mentally ill; madness., Entrapment - the action of tricking someone into committing a crime in order to secure their prosecution., Self-defense - the defense of one's person or interests, especially through the use of physical force, which is permitted in certain cases as an answer to a charge of violent crime., Obitiatry - a notice of someone's death; usually includes a short biography, stalking - harass or persecute (someone) with unwanted and obsessive attention, bill of rights - a formal declaration of the legal and civil rights of the citizens of any state, country, federation, exclusionary rule - a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.,

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