Buckminsterfullerene - consists of a giant molecule of 60 carbon atoms in a ball shape (buckyballs). They have a closed structure which means that they can carry other molecules, such as drugs., Silver nanoparticles - Can be used to kill microorganisms. Cleaning surgical equipment, anti-bacterial coating in fridges and sports clothing, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles - Can be used to; reflect ultraviolet (UV) light, in transparent sunscreens, self-cleaning windows, Thermochromic pigments - are materials that change their colour when they reach a specific temperature. Uses include colour changing mugs, battery power indicators, bath toys for children, & strip thermometers., Photochromic pigments - change with light intensity. Uses include dyes in clothing and lenses in glasses that darken in bright sunlight., Shape-memory polymers - are plastics that return to their original shape when heated. Uses include car bumpers, medical sutures (‘stitches’), and sports equipment such as helmets and gumshields., Shape-memory alloys - return to their original shape when heated. Uses include deformable spectacle frames, surgical wires to replace tendons and surgical plates for joining bone fractures., Hydrogels - are polymers that can absorb up to 1000 times their own volume in water. Uses include filling of nappies to absorb more urine without leakage and granules added to house plant compost to retain more water and release it over a long period of time.,

Modern materials

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