1) What is most essential for the survival of living things? a) air b) mineral c) soil d) water 2) Which of the following factors increases the Earth’s surface temperature? a) sunlight b) volcanic eruption c) heat from the sun d) greenhouse gases 3) What kind of bacteria can endure very high temperature? a) extremophiles b) B. halophiles c) methanogens d) thermophiles 4) Why does very low temperature make it difficult for living organisms to survive? It is not a) causes freezing of water b) makes liquid water unavailable c) slows down chemical reactions d) All of the above 5) Which of the following shields the Earth from harmful cosmic radiation? a) atmosphere b) gravity c) mantle  d) water 6) Why is the temperature range of -150C to 1150C perfect for life? It is because this range a) evaporate water b) make water exist in liquid form c) interfere with chemical reactions d) break protein, carbohydrates, DNA & RNA 7) What is the benefit of greenhouse gases? They a) What is the benefit of greenhouse gases? They b) block the planet from meteors c) make the Earth’s surface warm d) protect against magnetic particles 8) Which describes the habitable zone also called as Goldilocks zone? It is a/an__________. a) area from the sun that cannot support life. b) area away from the sun that can sustain life. c) distance around the sun where water freezes. d) distance in space that enables water to vaporize. 9) What is the importance of the ozone layer? It a) filters UV radiation b) absorbs the heat of the sun c) increases the surface temperature of the Earth d) protects the Earth from falling objects from space 10) How do you describe the energy from the sun required of the cells to run the chemical a) more than sufficient b) sufficient and steady c) insufficient or too little d) none of the above 11) What must be present in a planet for its organisms to synthesize these substances? a) air b) nutrients c) water d) source of energy 12) What organisms use other sources of energy aside from the sunlight? a) chemosynthetic b) parasitic c) photosynthetic d) saprophytic 13) What can water cycle, volcanism and plate tectonics do in maintaining life on Earth? a) circulate nutrients b) distribute nutrients c) replenish nutrients d) all of the above 14) If the Earth could have been small, what would be its effect? It would have a) more gravity b) faster movement c) less exposure to harmful radiation d) thin atmosphere due to weak gravity 15) Which is NOT a factor required to sustain life on Earth? a) available nutrients b) moderate temperature c) steady input energy d) very thin atmosphere 16) What is defined as a set of interconnected components forming a unified whole? a) planet b) sphere c) system d) sun 17) Which of the following describes a closed system? a) It is composed of spheres. b) Both energy and matter can transfer. c) Its subsystems interact with each other. d) Only energy is transferred in the surroundings. 18) What part of the geosphere is solid and rigid outer layer? a) asthenosphere b) core c) lithosphere d) mantle 19) In which subsystem is lithosphere located? a) atmosphere b) biosphere c) geosphere d) hydrosphere 20) Which of the following materials is the most abundant component of the a) bacteria b) nitrogen c) dust d) water 21) What sphere of the Earth encompasses the rest of its subsystems? a) atmosphere b) biosphere c) geosphere d) hydrosphere 22) Which is part of the cryosphere? a) oceans b) rivers c) seas d) ice sheets 23) What organisms of the biosphere utilize chemical substances like methane as a a) chemosynthetic b) parasitic c) photosynthetic d) saprophytic 24) What environmental process involves all subsystems? a) carbon cycle b) oxygen cycle c) rock cycle d) water cycle 25) Which situation describes a close relationship between the geosphere and the a) Minerals in rocks dissolved in groundwater. b) Soil provides nutrients and minerals for the living organisms. c) Rocks absorb water and keep a reservoir beneath the ground. d) All of the above 26) What prevents the atmosphere from escaping to the outer space? a) pulling effect of gravity b) convection in the mantle c) rugged surface of lithosphere d) ability of the water to absorb air 27) What changes are brought about by plate tectonics on the Earth’s surface?   a) I and II only b) II and III only c) I and III only d) I, II and III 28) Which of the following is NOT a function of the hydrosphere? a) erodes the surface of the Earth b) serves as habitat for aquatic organisms c) works with the atmosphere in the exchange of gases d) allows the cycling of important elements like O2 & CO2. 29) Which process shows interdependence among the Earth’s subsystems? a) Water flows from the mountains. b) Difference in pressure makes the air move. c) Water on land evaporates when heated by the sun. d) Water is cycled within the four spheres of the Earth 30) Which will most likely happen if humans continue polluting the air? a) Plants will grow abundantly. b) Fertility of the soil will increase c) Some organisms will be endangered. d) Global climate will remain unchanged. 31) Why is the common table salt (NaCl) a mineral? Common table salt (NaCl) a) solid b) man-made c) cubic form d) a fixed chemical structure 32) What makes a mineral different from a rock? A mineral is a __________ while a) organic, inorganic b) mixture, pure substance c) pure substance, mixture d) solidified lava, molten rock 33) What group of minerals does graphite (pure carbon) in pencils belong? a) halide b) sulfate c) carbonate d) native element 34) What type of crystal form or habit is exhibited by the sample mineral a) cubic b) hexagonal c) monoclinic d) triclinic 35) How is hardness of a mineral being tested? The hardness of a mineral can be a) fingernail b) concrete nail c) tool for cutting d) all of the above 36) Why is taste as a technique in identifying minerals need to be used with a) acidic b) bitter c) saline d) poisonous 37) Which of the following clasts shale comes from? a) gravel b) sand c) silty mud d) clayey mud 38) What type of rock may contain fossils? a) sedimentary rocks b) metamorphic rocks c) extrusive igneous rocks d) intrusive igneous rocks 39) What factors are required for the formation of metamorphic rocks? a) heat and pressure b) the melting of rock c) the cooling of magma d) compaction of sediments 40) Which of the following represents the correct order of the process a) compaction, cementation, deposition, weathering, erosion b) deposition, cementation, compaction, erosion, weathering c) erosion, weathering, compaction, cementation, deposition d) weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation 41) Which of the following rocks has a vesicular texture? a) pic 1 b) pic 2 c) pic 3 d) pic 4 42) Which of the following sedimentary rocks is a conglomerate? a) pic 1 b) pic 2 c) pic 3 d) pic 4 43) Why are sedimentary rocks able to provide traces of living organisms that a) I & II only b) III & IV only c) I, II & III only d) I, II, III & IV 44) How do clastic rocks differ from non-clastic rocks in terms of process of a) erosion b) lithification c) melting d) weathering 45) What construction materials use clay as an important component? a) steel b) brick c) wallboard d) hhh 46) What industry utilizes gold because of its properties such as malleability, good conductivity and general resistance to corrosion and oxidation? a) construction b) electronics c) textiles d) transport 47) Which of the following is one of the uses of chromite? Chromite is used a) in cookware b) in medical equipment c) for protective coating for steel d) for chrome plating for alloying stainless steel 48) What environment for ore deposit are diamonds found? Diamonds are found in a) ocean basin b) subduction zone c) kimberlite magma d) hydrothermal vein 49) What process of mineral formation produces a precipitate like gypsum? a) crystal settling b) volcanic eruption c) evaporating water d) sifting of minerals by water current 50) What mineral is found at kimberlite magma? a) coal b) diamond c) gold d) silver 51) How does water current affect in forming placer ore deposits? It __________ the the sediments leaving __________minerals. a) mixes; big b) moves; light c) sifts; heavy d) nnn 52) Why is drilling an important step in mining? Drilling is important in mining to determine the___________.I type of ore II ore’s quality III amount of ore mineral a) I only b) I & II only c) II & III d) I, II, & III 53) What is the correct sequence of the formation of a mineral vein?I. filling cracks with mineralsII. deposition of solid mineral particleshydrothermal solution flows through cracks in rocks a) I, II & III b) II, I & III c) III, I, & II d) III, II & I 54) What type of magmatic process enables chromite to settle at the lower portion of the magma chamber and solidifies ahead than most of the basaltic magma a) crystal settling b) partial melting c) fractional crystallization d) All of the above 55) Which method of mining is usually used during the extraction of higher grade metallic ores? a) placer b) surface c) open pit d) underground 56) What method of extracting ore is best for minerals with light or lesser density? a) magnetic b) heavy media separation c) flotation d) cyanide heap leaching 57) What activities are done during mine site decommissioning or rehabilitation? What activities are done during mine site decommissioning or rehabilitation? a) I, II & III only b) I, II, & IV only c) I, III & IV only d) I, II, III & IV 58) What bureau under the Department of Environment and Natural Resources is responsible for the conservation, management, development, and proper use of the country’s mineral resources including those in reservations and lands of public domain? a) Forestry Management b) Mines and Geo-Sciences D. c) Biodiversity Management d) Environmental Management 59) How can you conserve mineral resources? Mineral resources can be conserved by  a) A. I, II & III only b) B. I, II, & IV only c) I, III & IV only d) II, III & IV only 60) What energy resource is derived from natural organic materials? a) biomass b) fossil fuels c) geothermal energy sources d) all of these 61) Which of the following is a nonrenewable energy resource? a) coal b) hydroelectric c) methane d) solar 62) What type of energy is derived from heated groundwater? a) solar energy b) nuclear energy c) geothermal energy d) hydroelectric energy 63) Which of the following are the energy sources that are consider as readily available but in limited supplies? a) sun b) wind c) renewable energy d) non- renewable energy 64) Which of the following is an example of a renewable energy source? a) coal b) gasoline c) fossil Fuel d) solar power 65) Which of the following best describes renewable energy? It is an energy ______. a) from fossil fuels b) source that is not used up c) generated from flowing water d) generated by burning up something 66) Why is developing renewable energy important to life on earth? It is important because  a) we have unlimited energy sources b) renewable energy can be depleted c) renewable energy produces less pollution than nonrenewable sources d) it is less expensive in terms of capital cost than nonrenewable energy 67) Which of the following is a fossil fuel? a) wind b) solar c) coal d) biomass 68) What is biomass? biomass is an energy from _________. a) sun b) wind c) water d) plant and animal waste 69) Which of the following is NOT a renewable resource of energy? a) wind b) sun c) coal d) water 70) What type of geothermal power plant, which uses the underground hot water and steam that is about 182°C? a) steam power plants b) binary cycle power plant c) flash-steam power plant d) enhanced geothermal system 71) Which alternative source of energy is generated from the splitting of the nucleus of an atom? a) nuclear Energy b) geothermal energy c) dendrothermal energy d) hydrothermal energy 72) What liquid fossil fuel is commonly called petroleum or crude oil? a) oil b) coal c) biomass d) biofuel 73) Which uses the kinetic energy of moving water like waterfall to turn turbine to produce electricity? a) solar b) nuclear c) hydrothermal d) geothermal 74) Which of the following is NOT an example of hydrocarbons? a) coal b) petroleum c) biomass d) natural gas 75) What percentage of the Earth is freshwater? a) 1.5 % b) 2.5 % c) 4.5 % d) 5.5 % 76) Which is the correct chemical formula of water? a) H2O b) H8O c) 22h d) (HO)2 77) What process refers to the slow movement of water through the pores in soil or in permeable rocks? a) condensation b) evaporation c) infiltration d) percolation 78) Where is water most abundant on Earth?ble rocks? a) in permafrost and glaciers b) below the ground as aquifers c) on the surface as liquid water d) in the atmosphere in gaseous form 79) What possible hazards can be associated with improper waste disposal to water supply? a) climate change b) increase in land use c) loss of natural resources d) increase groundwater supply 80) When does liquid water turn to gaseous form? Liquid water turns to gaseous form as  a) pressure increases b) pressure decreases c) temperature increases d) temperature decreases 81) What sector uses the biggest percentage of underground water? a) farming in rainforest area b) industrialization in rural area c) industrialization in urban area d) farming in arid and semi-arid area 82) Which of the following human activities control the demand of potable water for human consumption? a) population growth b) increase agricultural yield c) construction of structures d) irrigation and aeration of soil 83) Which of the statement below shows water security in a population? The entire population  a) fights over the right for clean, drinkable water b) seeks water due to the increase in demand and decrease of supply c) has sustainable access to adequate quantities of acceptably clean water d) have access to water supply with high water bill for extraction and storage 84) Which of the given activities BEST shows humans as caretakers of earth? a) populate the face of the earth b) support and keep earth in balance to sustain life c) gain the treasures of the earth to improve living conditions d) Improve agricultural products through indiscriminate use of fertilizers 85) When does water nonrenewable resource even though water cycle happens naturally? a) The melting of ice that increases ocean water volume. b) The filtration of liquid water in the crevices of earth secure the water table. c) Equal amount of precipitation as water in gaseous form returns to earth through evaporation  d) Percolation of water so as infiltration does not happen or just a little amount for the natural water reserve. 86) Which of the following practices help conserve and protect water resources? a) use of pesticides in increasing crop production b) construction of dams to generate hydroelectric energy c) disposing of pets’ waste in the garbage instead of washing it off d) drain thoroughly the detergents and other household chemical properly at the kitchen sink 87) Why is desalination of saltwater not commonly used in addressing water shortage? a) energy and technology needed is too costly b) absence of the technological advancements c) hhhjjh d) adverse effects to the Earths’ subsystems are determined 88) How do nations normally dispose large volumes of waste? The large volumes of waste are normally disposed through____________. a) recycling advocacy program b) throwing it in sanitary landfill and incinerating c) disposing them in oceans to increase mineral content d) sending them to other countries in big container vans 89) Which of the following statements refers to the concept of virtual water? It is the water  a) wasted in manufacturing products b) produced during industrial processes c) needed to produce different goods and services d) projected and measured use for crop propagation

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