Matter  - Anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume). It can be classified by properties, such as characteristics and behavior. , Substance  - It's a single or pure type of matter. It has the same chemical composition and properties throughout. It could be either an element or a compound. , Element - It's the simplest pure substance made of only one type of atom. It cannot be broken down into any simpler substance. , Atom - It's a basic particle from which all matter is made. It's the smallest possible piece of an element. It has a positive core (nucleus) with a negative cloud., Compound - It's a pure substance made from two or more different elements. Compounds are chemically combined in a set ratio and have different properties from their elements. , Molecule - It's a group of two or more atoms held together by a chemical bond. It's the smallest part of a compound and can be represented by a chemical formula which includes ratio., Chemical bond - It's the force of attraction that holds atoms together in a molecule., Mixture - It's the combination of two or more substances physically mixed. They are not chemically combined and have no set ratio of components. The parts of the mixture keep their properties. Mixtures can be separated by PHYSICAL processes, such as filtration, magnetism, or distillation (boiling water).  , Homogeneous Mixture - It's a mixture evenly mixed so you cannot see the different parts. For example, milk is a DISSOLVED homogeneous SOLUTION; and an ALLOY is a homogeneous mixture of METALS., Heterogenous Mixture - It's a mixture that is NOT evenly mixed, so you CAN see the different parts., Physical properties - Characteristics that can be observed without changing into a new substance. For example, color, texture, measurements, melting point, state, magnetism, conductivity, and/or solubility (dissolves). , Chemical Properties - They are the characteristics that describe the ability to change into a new substance. They explain how a substance undergoes chemical change or reaction. For example, flammable, rusts, rots., SI Measurements (AKA Metric System) - System of measurement used by most countries (not the U.S.A) and all scientists. It is based on units of 10 (10x bigger than next smaller)., Length - It's the distance between two points. The unit is the METER. 100cm(centimeters) is 1m(meter); and 1,000mm (milimeters) equals 1m (meter)., Mass - It's the amount of matter in an object. The unit is the GRAM (g). 1000 grams (g) equals 1 kilogram (kg), Weight - It's a force of gravity on an object. Its weight changes based on gravity, but MASS does NOT change. The unit is the Newton (N), Volume - Amount of space that something takes up. The unit is liter (L), which is the same as cubic centimeter (cm3). , Density - It's mass over volume (d=m_v). It's the amount of matter in a specific volume. If the molecules are more compact, then they are denser. Density of H2O is 1.09/cm3 , Temperature - It's the measurement of how hot something is. The unit is degrees Celsius (*C). Water freezes at 0*C and boils at 100*C., Physical change - It's a change that alters the form or appearance but does NOT change it into anew substance. For example, cutting, bending, melting, boiling, freezing, dissolving., Chemical Change - It's a change that produces one or more new substances. For example, combustion (burning), oxidation (rusting, browning). NEW SUBSTANCE MUST FORM., Evidence of Chemical Change - 1. Unexpected color change. 2. Bubbling, fizzing, gas, odor. 3. Change in temperature (hotter, colder). 4. Emits light, Exothermic Reaction - It's a chemical change that releases heat energy (feels hotter, for example, burning), Endothermic Reaction - It's a chemical change that absorbs heat energy (feels colder, for example, ice pack), Law of Conservation of Mass - "Matter cannot be created or destroyed, only changed". (Similar to Law of Conservation of Energy: "Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed"),

Matter - Science

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