1) Who proposed the idea that matter is made of indivisible particles called "atomos"? a) John Dalton b) J.J. Thomson c) Democritus d) Ernest Rutherford 2) What model did J.J. Thomson propose after discovering the electron? a) Nuclear model b) Plum pudding model c) Quantum model d) Solid sphere model 3) In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, what did most alpha particles do? a) Bounce back b) Pass through with little deflection c) Get absorbed d) Split into smaller particles 4) What conclusion did Rutherford draw from his experiment? a) Atoms are solid and indivisible. b) Atoms contain a dense nucleus. c) Electrons are located in fixed orbits. d) Matter is made of positive and negative charges. 5) Which scientist is known for the nuclear model of the atom? a) John Dalton b) J.J. Thomson c) Ernest Rutherford d) Niels Bohr 6) What did Dalton's atomic theory state about compounds? a) They are made of different types of atoms in whole number ratios. b) They are made of indivisible particles. c) They consist only of electrons. d) They are randomly arranged. 7) What did Rutherford use to bombard the gold foil in his experiment? a) Beta particles b) Gamma rays c) Alpha particles d) Neutrons 8) What was a significant finding from Rutherford's experiment regarding atomic structure? a) Atoms have a uniform density. b) Electrons are evenly distributed. c) The nucleus is positively charged. d) Atoms contain no empty space. 9) Who discovered the electron? a) Michael Faraday b) J.J. Thomson c) Ernest Rutherford d) Niels Bohr 10) In which year did Rutherford conduct his gold foil experiment? a) 1897 b) 1905 c) 1911 d) 1913 11) What did the bouncing back of some alpha particles indicate in Rutherford's experiment? a) The presence of electrons. b) The existence of a small, dense nucleus. c) The presence of empty space d) The incorrectness of Dalton's theory. 12) Which atomic model followed the plum pudding model? a) Solid sphere model b) Nuclear model c) Quantum model d) Electron cloud model 13) What charge do electrons carry? a) Positive charge b) Negative charge c) Neutral charge d) Variable charge 14) Which scientist proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed paths? a) John Dalton b) J.J. Thomson c) Ernest Rutherford d) Niels Bohr 15) What was one major flaw in the plum pudding model? a) It did not account for neutrons. b) It suggested that electrons were scattered randomly. c) It failed to explain atomic stability. d) It ignored the existence of protons. 16) How did Rutherford’s findings change the view of atomic structure? a) Atoms were seen as indivisible units. b) Atoms were considered mostly empty space with a dense nucleus. c) Electrons were thought to be located in fixed positions. d) All matter was believed to be made up of positive charges. 17) Which particle was discovered as a result of cathode ray experiments? a) Proton b) Neutron c) Electron d) Alpha particle 18) What does the term "nuclear model" refer to? a) Electrons orbiting randomly around a nucleus. b) A dense, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons. c) An atom being a solid sphere. d) Atoms being composed solely of neutrons. 19) What type of radiation did Rutherford use in his experiments? a) Alpha radiation  b) Beta radiation  c) Gamma radiation  d) X-rays 20) Why was the gold foil used in Rutherford's experiment so thin? a) To allow alpha particles to pass through easily. b) To reflect more alpha particles. c) To increase the density of the foil. d) To prevent any scattering. 21) What happens to an alpha particle when it approaches a positively charged nucleus? a) It is attracted and absorbed. b) It is repelled and deflected. c) It passes through without any interaction. d) It splits into beta particles. 22) How did Dalton describe atoms in his theory? a) As indivisible spheres  b) As charged particles  c) As waves  d) As clusters 23) Which experiment led to the discovery that atoms have a nucleus? a) Millikan's oil drop experiment  b) Thomson's cathode ray experiment  c) Rutherford's gold foil experiment  d) Dalton's gas law experiments 24) What fundamental concept was introduced by Bohr’s model after Rutherford’s findings? a) Electrons have no mass  b) Electrons exist in quantized energy levels  c) Atoms are solid spheres  d) Protons are located outside the nucleus 25) How did scientists initially view atoms before Rutherford’s work? a) As having a dense center with electrons around it  b) As solid and indivisible units  c) As composed only of protons  d) As primarily empty space 26) What does the term "alpha scattering" refer to? a) The absorption of alpha particles by materials  b) The deflection and scattering of alpha particles by atomic nuclei  c) The emission of alpha particles from radioactive materials  d) The collision between alpha particles and beta particles

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