1) Which theoretical framework posits that language shapes thought and perception? a) Generative Grammar b) Cognitive Linguistics c) Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis d) Functionalism 2) What is the difference between a prescriptive and a descriptive approach to grammar? a) Prescreptive grammar describes how language is used; descriptive grammar prescribes how it should be used. b) Prescriptive grammar prescribes how language should be used; descriptive grammar describes how it is used. c) Prescriptive grammar focuses on historical language use; descriptive grammar focuses on contemporary language use. d) There is no significant difference; both terms are interchangeable. 3) What linguistic phenomenon is illustrated by the following sentence: "Colorless green ideas sleep furiously"? a) Semantic anomaly b) Syntactic well-formedness c) Pragmatic ambiguity d) Lexical cohesion 4) The study of how language changes over time is known as: a) Sociolinguistics b) Psycholinguistics c) Diachronic linguistics d) Synchronic linguistics 5) What is a "creole" language? a) A language spoken only by a small, isolated community. b) A language that arises from the simplification of another language. c) A language that develops from a pidgin language and becomes a native language. d) A language with a complex grammatical structure. 6) Which of the following best describes the concept of "grammaticalization"? a) The process by which new words are coined b) The process by which words change their grammatical function over time. c) The process by which languages borrow words from each other. d) The process by which languages become extinct. 7) What is a "marked" feature in linguistics? a) A feature that is statistically frequent in a language. b) A feature that is considered grammatically incorrect. c) A feature that is less common or less expected than its unmarked counterpart. d) A feature that is easily learned by language learners. 8) What is the difference between "phonetics" and "phonology"? a) Phonetics studies the sounds of language; phonology studies the function of sounds in a language. b) Phonetics studies the meaning of sounds; phonology studies the physical production of sounds. c) Phonetics studies the historical development of sounds; phonology studies the contemporary use of sounds. d) There is no difference between phonetics and phonology. 9) What is a "register" in sociolinguistics? a) A regional variation of a language. b) A style of language appropriate for a particular social context. c) A level of formality in language use. d) (d) A way of speaking that is considered grammatically incorrect. 10) What is "metalinguistic awareness"? a) The ability to reflect on and discuss language itself. b) The ability to understand the literal meaning of words. c) The ability to use language fluently in conversation. d) The ability to learn new languages easily.

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