Apparent Size: Apparent size changes depending on the location of the observer., A larger object can appear smaller if it is far away enough., A smaller object can appear the same size, or larger, than a larger object if it is really close to the observer., Apparent brightness: An object’s actual brightness is different from how bright it can appear., It can be difficult to separate apparent brightness from apparent size when comparing objects., Two identical flashlights held the same distance away will appear equally bright., If one flashlight is moved back, it will appear dimmer., Apparent Distance: We struggle to reason about the size of our solar system, which is why scale models are helpful., An object can appear close (Venus in the night sky), but it is really far away., Scale models can help us try to understand how far objects are from each other, especially with huge distances., A scale model is accurate if the same factor (one toilet paper square) is used to convert all distances., Most images of our solar system are not to scale because the planets are too small and too close., Motion of the Earth: The Earth moves, not the Sun., We rotate our axis every 24 hours, creating a 12 hour day/night cycle., We orbit the Sun every 365 days, which is one year., The tilt of the Earth’s axis creates 4 distinct seasons., Tilted closer to the Sun - warmer weather/more sunlight, Tilted away from the Sun - colder weather/less sunlight,

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