Persistent - Type of pain the continues once therapies reach effective end of their dose, Breakthrough - short term bursts of acute pain that occur with a general level of controlled or managed pain, Nociceptive pain - type of pain caused by stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers, Somatic - originates deeper in joints, bones or muscles typically localized aches, Visceral - originates in organs and is sharp or dull, Neuropathic pain - damage or injury directly to nervous system structures, described as shooting, stabbing, stinging, phantom limb pain - due to a transection of the nerve supply typically from an amputation of a limb, O - When did the pain start? , P - What makes the pain worse?, Q - Can you describe your pain (sharp, aching, dull?), R - Where is your pain and does it radiate out?, S - Can you rate your pain from 0-10?, T - Does it start and stop? How long does it last?, AAA - Is there anything that make it better/worse? Do you notice any other symptoms with the pain?, NSAIDS - examples include ibuprofen, ketorolac, naproxen, and meloxicam, Aspirin - antiplatelet medication that can be used to treat pain. Can increase risk of bleeding, Acetaminophen - analgesic and antipyretic that must be used with caution in those with liver disorders. Often used for mild to moderate pain levels, Corticosteroids - use of these medications can lead to hyperglycemia, weight gain, myopathies, and Cushing's syndrome. should be tapered off, Opioids - should only be used for high pain levels. Watch for signs of addiction and CNS depression. , Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) - Cues include symmetrical joint swelling and pain, stiffness longer than 30 minutes in the morning, fatigue. Often insidious , Rheumatoid factor and Sedimentation Rate (ESR) - Lab values typically elevated in Rheumatoid Arthritis, DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drug) - Type of medications used to treat Rheumatoid arthritis, includes methotrexate, hydrocychloroquine, and sulfasalazine, Rheumatoid arthritis is this type of disorder - Autoimmune, Osteoarthritis is cause by this - Use of weight bearing joint that creates breakdown of joint, causing the bones to rub together. This creates inflammation and pain in the joint, Initial treatment for RA and OA - OTC analgesics (NSAIDS, acetaminophen), heat/cold therapy, , Cold therapy - This is used to help decrease inflammation. Should be used no more than 20 minutes at a time, Heat therapy - Used to help ease muscle and joint stiffness, Type of activity recommended for Fibromyalgia - Aerobic, Constipation and Respiratory depression - Two main concerns when a patient is taking opiod medications, Lupus - With this connective tissue disorder, monitoring vital signs, urine output and educating to limit sun exposure are critical nursing interventions,

Pain

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