Figurative language comprehension, Children begin to understand metaphors, similes, idioms, and other forms of figurative language, e.g., it's raining cats and dogs to mean there is a deluge., Vocabulary growth, School Aged children's vocabulary expands significantly, and they acquire and understand thousands of words, Understanding abstract concepts, Children acquire the ability to comprehend and discuss abstract concepts such as time, emotions, and morality., Multiple word meanings, They grasp that words can have multiple meanings and learn to discern the appropriate meaning based on context., Increased sentence complexity, Children begin using more complex sentence structures, including compound and complex sentences., Mastery of grammatical rules, They acquire a better understanding of grammar and demonstrate improved accuracy in using verb tenses, pronouns, and prepositions., Development of passive voice, Children start to understand and use passive voice constructions appropriately, e.g., "the cake was baked by Lisa", Use of more sophisticated clauses, They become proficient in using relative clauses, adverbial clauses, and conditional sentences., Relative Clause , A type of dependent clause that provides additional information about a noun in the main clause of a sentence., Word associations and categorization, They develop the ability to associate words with specific categories and understand hierarchical relationships between words., Morpheme knowledge , The understanding of how words are constructed from their smallest units of meaning, which are called morphemes, Holophrastic stage , A phase of language acquisition where children use a single word to express a complex, sentence-long idea.

Chapter 8

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