DHCP - enables devices to join an IP network without requiring manual configura on of IP settings, Reservations - is a specific IP address within a DHCP scope that is reserved for use by a specific device, identified by its MAC address., Scope - defined range of IP addresses that a DHCP server can use to assign to clients., lease time - duration for which a DHCP server grants a device the right to use a specific IP address., options - can be configured to tailor network behavior to specific client requirements, enhancing overall network management and user connectivity experiences., Relay/IP helper - network function that forwards DHCP requests from clients on one network to a DHCP server on another network. This allows devices on subnets without a direct DHCP server to obtain IP addresses and other network configuration details., exclusions - ranges are subsets of a DHCP scope that are not used for dynamic assignment., Stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC) - a method for IPv6 hosts to automatically create their own unique global addresses without a server, using Router Advertisement (RA) messages from a local router, name resolution - process of converting human-readable domain names into IP addresses that networking equipment can understand and use to route data., DNS - translates more readily memorized domain names to the numerical IP addresses, Domain name security extensions (DNSSEC) - enhances DNS security by providing authen ca on of DNS data, verifying its integrity and ensuring it has not been tampered with during internet navigation., DNS over HTTPS (DOH) - routes DNS queries through the HTTPS protocol, DNS over TLS (DOT) - uses the TLS protocol, both enhancing privacy and security by preventing unauthorized interception of DNS data., Address (A) - Record maps a domain name to its corresponding IPv4 address, allowing users to access websites using human-readable domain names instead of numerical IP addresses., AAAA - functions similarly to the A record but maps a domain name to an IPv6 address, which accommodates the longer numeric addresses used by the newer IPv6 protocol., Canonical name (CNAME) - maps an alias name to a true or canonical domain name. used when multiple domain names resolve to the same IP address, allowing for easier management and changes in the network., Mail exchange (MX) - used to specify the mail servers responsible for receiving email messages on behalf of a domain., Text (TXT) - hold text informa on for sources outside of the domain. This information can be used for a variety of purposes, such as verifying domain ownership and implementing ng email security measures like SPF and DKIM, Nameserver (NS) - identify the DNS servers responsible for a specific domain, indicating authoritative servers that can answer queries for the domain., Pointer (PTR) - map an IP address to a domain name, essentially the opposite of A or AAAA records.They are primarily used for reverse DNS lookups, where the IP address is known, but the hostname is needed, Zone types - are portions of the domain name space in the Domain Name System (DNS), which are managed by a specific entity or administrator., Forward - used to resolve domain names to IP addresses.It contains records like A, AAAA, and MX,, Reverse - handle the mapping of IP addresses back to domain names, Authoritative - final authority over its own records, providing definitive answers to queries about domain names within its zone without needing to query other sources., Non authoritative - provides information that has been obtained from another server, not from the original source, usually cached data from previous queries., Primary - main zone file where DNS records are stored and managed. It allows changes to DNS records directly., Secondary - is a read-only copy of the primary zone that serves as a backup, reducing the load on the primary server and increasing redundancy for fault tolerance., Recursive - queries involve a DNS server taking on the responsibility of retrieving data from other DNS servers on behalf of the client, providing a complete answer., Host files - is a computer file used by an operating system to map hostnames to IP addresses.,

3.4 IPv4 and IPv6

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