Cell Wall, An outer layer providing shape and protection, usually made of peptidoglycan; keeps the cell from bursting when there are large differences in osmotic pressure between the cytoplasm and the environment; varkies widly amongst bactiria; important factor for bacteria analysis and differentiation, Plasma membrane, Encloses the cytoplasm, controlling substance entry/exit, and performs functions like respiration; out of phospholipids and proteins;, Cytoplasm, The jelly-like interior (out of water, enzymes, nutrients, wastes and gases) where cell processes occur (eg: cell growth, metabolism and replication); contains cell structures such as ribosomes, a chromosome and plasmids, Ribosomes, Responsible for protein synthesis, floating freely in the cytoplasm, Nucleoid, A region containing the main, circular chromosome (DNA); its not enclosed by a membrane;, Capsule, not everyone has it; It is a sticky outer layer that helps bacteria attach to surfaces and evade host defenses, Pili, Short, hair-like appendages for attachment, and specialised pili for DNA exchange; keep the bacterium from drying out and protects it from phagocytosis, Plasmids, Small, circular with extrachromosomal genetic structures, often for antibiotic resistance or toxin production, which can be shared between bacteria; DNA; not involved in reproduction; most of the time copies are passed on to daughter cells during binary fission; other form a tubelike structure at the surface called pilus that passes copies during conjugation (conjugation: a process, where bacteria exchange genetic information, Flagella, a hairlike structures; are found on one end, both ends or all over its surface; beat in a propeller-like motion to help move toward nutrients or away from toxic chemicals, Cell Envelope, 2-3 layers, the interior cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall and sometimes an outer capsule.

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