Linux boot sequence, BIOS/UEFI → GRUB → Kernel/initramfs → systemd, BIOS/UEFI, Firmware that initializes hardware and begins the boot process, GRUB, The bootloader that locates and loads the Linux kernel, Kernel, The core of Linux that manages CPU, memory, hardware, devices, and processes, initramfs, Temporary filesystem loaded into memory to help the kernel start the system, systemd, System and service manager that starts and manages services after the kernel loads, Virtual Machine (VM), Virtualized computer that runs its own operating system and kernel, Container, Lightweight isolated environment that shares the host system's kernel, Container image, Template used to create containers, Container volume, Provides persistent storage for container data, stdin (0), Standard input, stdout (1), Standard output, stderr (2), Standard error, Nice value -20, Highest process priority, Nice value 19, Lowest process priority, R process state, Running or runnable process, S process state, Sleeping process, D process state, Uninterruptible sleep, usually waiting for I/O, T process state, Stopped or suspended process, Z process state, Zombie process that has finished but hasn't been collected by its parent, SELinux Enforcing, SELinux policies are active and violations are blocked, SELinux Permissive, SELinux violations are logged but not blocked, SELinux Disabled, SELinux isn't active, Ansible, Agentless automation/configuration management commonly using SSH and YAML, Puppet, Configuration management traditionally using an agent-based model, CI/CD, Automates software integration, testing, delivery, and deployment, YAML, Human-readable configuration format commonly used for Ansible playbooks, Ansible playbook, YAML file describing automation tasks to perform, Ansible inventory, List of hosts or systems Ansible manages, Git branch, Separate line of development used to work on changes independently, Git merge, Combines changes from different branches, Git tag, Labels a specific commit, commonly marking a release or version, Shell exit code 0, The previous command completed successfully, Shell exit code nonzero, The previous command encountered an error or other unsuccessful condition, Hard link, Another filename that references the same inode and file data, Symbolic link, A link that points to another file or directory by its path, SUID, Runs an executable with the file owner's privileges, SGID, Runs an executable with group privileges; on directories, new files can inherit the directory's group, Sticky bit, Restricts users from deleting other users' files in shared directories, PAM, Linux framework used to provide authentication services to applications, LDAP, Directory protocol commonly used for centralized user and account information, Kerberos, Ticket-based network authentication system, Encryption, Protects confidentiality by transforming data so it can be reversed with the correct key, Hashing, One-way transformation commonly used to verify integrity or passwords, Public key, Key that can be shared with others, Private key, Secret key that must be protected

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