1.Which theory on the origin of the universe is MOST accepted by the scientific community?, Creation Theory, Creation Myth Theory, Big Bang Theory, Steady State Theory, 2.Which explains the Big Bang Theory?, The universe was created by one Supreme Being called God., The universe has a beginning and, in some sense, emerges from an egg-like shell., The universe has no beginning nor an end and is continually expanding with the formation of new matter., The universe came from a dense point which exploded and continually expands without the formation of new matter., 3.Both Mars and the Earth are located in the Goldilocks’ Zone.All are reasons why Earth is able to sustain life while Mars cannot EXCEPT:, Earth contains liquid water while Mars does not., Earth’s surface is warm enough while Mars is too cold., Earth has a strong magnetic field while Mars has a weak magnetic field., Earth has a thin atmosphere while Mars has a thick atmosphere., 4.Which describes the hydrological cycle?, It involves the continuous circulation of water in the Earth-Atmosphere system., It describes the transition through geologic time among the three main rock types., It is the continuous, predictable, directional movement of seawater driven by wind, gravity and water density., It is nature’s way of reusing carbon atoms which travel from the atmosphere into organisms in the Earth and then back into the atmosphere., 5.Ocean current is one of the major system responsible for the distribution of heat on Earth. All statements are true of ocean currents EXCEPT:, It is a density driven process wherein cold water sinks and the hot water rises., When the salinity of water is high, the water will rise, starting a convection current., It is the movement of ocean water in a continuous flow, created largely by surface winds., The uneven heating of the Earth’s waters is what drives the exchange of water in the ocean., 6.Which correctly describes the asthenosphere?, Rigid outer part of the earth with thickness varying between 10- 200 km., Highly viscous, mechanically weak and ductile region where magma is found., The boundary between the crust and the mantle where there is a discontinuity in the seismic velocity., Regions in the earth where seismic waves behave a lot different compared to the surrounding regions., 7. Your teacher asked you to bring a rock to class . Your teacher then drops hydrochloric acid on its surface and you observed that as soon as the acid touched the rock, it fizzes. What component of this rock is responsible for the fizzing reaction you observed?, carbonate, silicate, calcium, carbon, What type of rock is made when fragments of other rocks are deposited and compacted at the bottom of the bodies of water?, sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic, none of these, Which is a metamorphic rock?, limestone, granite, gneiss, basalt, What is the general process by which rocks are broken down at the Earth's surface but without the use of transport agents?, deposition, weathering, lithification, erosion, What is the process by which oxygen reacts with iron minerals in a rock to form rust?, carbonation, oxidation, dissolution, electrolysis, Which does NOT exemplify mechanical weathering?, iron minerals in rock turning reddish-brown, continued cycle of freezing and thawing, exposure to burrowing animals, tree roots growing in rocks, What do you call the natural process of breaking down rocks into sand-like particles with the aid of transport agents?, weathering, lithification, mass wasting, erosion, Why does deposition within a meandering river usually occurs on the inside of the curves?, water is deeper, stream is narrower, water velocity decrease, water gradient increases, The process by which masses of rock and soil move downhill under the influence of gravity is called, rock slide, mass wasting, avalanche, solifluction, Which is a source of Earth’s internal heat?, radioactive decay, weathering, crystallization, metamorphism, The Bowen's Reaction Series indicates the relative temperatures at which specific minerals crystallize as magma cools. Which statement is BEST supported by Bowen's Reaction Series?, Most minerals crystallize at the same temperature., Biotite is the first mineral to crystallize as magma cools., Most felsic minerals usually crystallize before most mafic minerals., Muscovite and quartz are the last minerals to crystallize as magma cools., Which statement is true of magma?, Magma is generally made up of predominantly oxygen and iron., It takes temperatures between 600 and 1,300 degrees Celsius to form magma., Felsic magma has the highest silica content of all magma types and has the highest gas content and viscosity as well as mean temperature., All of the above, What type of rock is formed when other rocks are changed by heat, pressure, and chemical reaction?, igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, stratified rock, Metamorphism has three types namely regional, contact, and dynamic. Which correctly describes regional metamorphism?, rocks change in form due to intense heat, rocks change in form due to intense heat and faulting, rocks change in form due to intense heat and pressure, rocks change in form due to intense pressure and faulting, What type of rock is formed when magma from the Earth’s interior comes out to the surface and then cooled?, intrusive, plutonic, volcanic, metamorphic, Which describes how extrusive igneous rock forms?, Magma cools outside and solidifies inside the Earth, Magma cools and solidifies inside the Earth., Magma cools and solidifies on the surface of the Earth., Magma cools inside and solidifies on the surface of the Earth., Why do extrusive rocks form fine-grained crystals while intrusive rocks form coarse-grained crystals?, because extrusive rocks form inside the earth’s interior while intrusive rocks solidify on earth’s surface, because intrusive rocks solidify from a magma that has a much different composition from the magma that forms extrusive rocks, because extrusive rocks take hundreds and thousands of years to cool down while intrusive rocks only take minutes to several months, because intrusive rocks take hundreds and thousands of years to cool down while extrusive rocks only take minutes to several months, Which type of fold forms a symmetrical arc-like structure?, syncline, monocline, anticline, overturned, Which describes shearing stress?, It causes rocks to shorten and it happens in convergent plate boundaries., It causes rocks to stretch and it happens in divergent plate boundaries., It causes rocks to tear and it happens in transform plate boundaries., It causes rocks to shrink and it happens in subduction zones., Who was credited for the development of the continental drift theory?, Harry Hess, Charles Lyell, James Hutton, Alfred Wegener, What does the continental drift theory state?, Continents are stationary and do not move., A new crust is formed in the mid-ocean ridge through volcanic activity., Continents were once joined in a supercontinent and have moved over time., Earth is broken down into lithospheric plates that move due to convection currents., In the continental drift theory, what is the name of the supercontinent that incorporated almost all the landmasses on Earth?, Panthalassa, Laurasia, Gondwanaland, Pangaea, Why was the continental drift theory rejected by the scientific community?, There was no geologic data., There was no sufficient evidence to prove the theory., The evidences presented were subjected to criticisms., There were no explanations on the mechanisms as to how the continents moved., Who proposed the seafloor spreading theory?, Harry Hess, Alfred Wegener, Charles Lyell, James Hutton, Which explains the seafloor spreading theory?, Continents are stationary and do not move., A new crust is formed in the mid-ocean ridge through volcanic activity., Continents were once joined in a supercontinent and have moved over time., Earth is broken down into lithospheric plates that move due to convection currents., How does absolute dating differ from relative dating?, Absolute dating does not indicate which rock is older while relative dating does., Absolute dating indicates which rock is older than another while relative does not., Absolute dating finds the age of a rock in relation to the age of other rocks while relative dating finds the age of rocks in years., Absolute dating finds the age of rocks in years while relative dating finds the age of a rock in relation to the age of other rocks., What is the largest division of the geologic time scale?, eon, era, epoch, period, Using the geological time scale, which fossils are correctly matched with their periods?, Jurassic--- dinosaurs, birds, Quaternary- hominids, mammals, Silurian – amphibians, cartilaginous fishes, Cretaceous – fungi, photosynthesizing bacteria, Which can be prevented by reinforcing slopes and rerouting water passages?, liquefaction, landslide, tsunami, subsidence

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