Brown v. Board of Education: Does segregation violate the 14th amendment to equality under the law?, The Brown Family sued the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas for segregating schools and not allowing them to enroll their daughter in the white school that was closer to their home, State-sanctioned segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and was declared unconstitutional., Marbury v. Madison: Does the Supreme Court have the power to hear other types of cases that are not listed in the Constitution?, Marbury was appointed to be a federal judge by President Adams, but was denied his appointment when President Jefferson came into office., This is the first time a law is struck down as unconstitutional and the Supreme Court established the Judicial branch’s power of Judicial Review to interpret laws and the Constitution., Miranda v. Arizona: Miranda was arrested and charged with kidnapping and rape. He claimed his 5th amendment rights were violated because he did not know he had the right to remain silent and to have a lawyer., Is it the citizen or law enforcement’s responsibility to inform of your rights?Does your right to remain silent also apply to police interrogation?, It is law enforcement’s responsibility to tell you your rights and now they have to read you your rights to a lawyer and to remain silent before an interrogation., Baker v. Carr: Do states have to make their congressional districts equal in population size?, Tennessee citizens sued that their congressional districts in cities were more densely populated than rural (country) districts, Ruled equal protection clause mandates all Americans have the same access and representation in Congress., Tinker v. Des Moines: Do students have their first amendment rights in school?, Mary Beth Tinker and her brother wore black armbands to protest the Vietnam War, Students DO have their first amendment rights in school. However, schools can limit those rights IF officials can prove the expression is disruptive to the school environment., New Jersey v. TLO: Do students have the same 4th amendment rights to privacy in school as out of school?, Schools only need reasonable suspicion (not probable cause) to search students. Students’ privacy rights outside of school are NOT the same as in school., The vice principal instructed T.L.O. to empty her purse and found a pack of cigarettes and evidence of using and selling marijuana. He did not have warrant for the search and TLO thought that violated her rights., US v. Nixon: President Nixon installed a tape-recording device in the Oval Office and taped many of the conversations that took place there., Do all of a president's communications have the privilege of confidentiality?, Not all information can be protected by executive privilege. Unless the information is to protect national security, the president must obey judicial branch., McDonald v. Chicago: Does the 2nd Amendment apply to the citizens rights at the state level?, The 2nd amendment is also applied to the states because the right to bear arms applies to everyone., Many people challenged Chicago’s strict gun laws after the Supreme Court ruled in DC v. Heller that a D.C. handgun ban violated the 2nd Amendment.,

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