How do we calculate the bit rate of an audio sample? - Bit rate=sampling frequency *bit depth, If we use a bit-depth of 4 in audio sampling, how many unique codes are there? - 16, What do we call a pixel-based image? - Bitmap, What are images called that are based on shapes rather than pixels? - vector, What is metadata? - Information about the file, it is stored in the header., Provide 3 examples of typical metadata. - Bit depth; resolution; dimensions, What do we call the number of pixels per unit area? - resolution, An audio signal is sampled at 2kHz with a bit depth of 4, how many kilobytes are needed to store 1 second of the sound? - 1, What unit is the sampling frequency measured in? - Hertz, What unit is bit rate measured in? - Mbps, Why do we compress files? - To reduce storage required, to make the transmission through the internet faster as less bandwidth required., What are the two types of compression? - Lossy, lossless, Provide an advantage of lossy compression. - Creates small files, compression factor high., Provide an advantage of lossless compression - The original image can be retrieved so no loss of quality, Explain a technique of lossless compression - Run -length encoding, when the value is only recorded once along with the frequency of occurrence in neighboring values are recorded, Explain a way in which lossy compression could be applied. - In a sound file all frequencies above 20kHz could be removed as it is beyond the human range of hearing and is therefore redundant information.,

2.6a [Data Representation]

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