TPR, The teacher says, “Stand up, walk to the window and open it,” and the students perform the actions without answering verbally. Then, some students give new instructions to their classmates., The teacher gives instructions such as “Pick up the red card and put it under the book,” and the students respond physically. Once they understand the instructions, they take turns directing the group’s actions., TBL, The students receive different train timetables and work in pairs to decide which option is best for a trip. Afterwards, they explain their decision and analyse some of the expressions they needed during the task., Before the activity, the teacher introduces the topic and reviews some useful words. In groups, the students design an app to solve an everyday problem, present their proposal and then review the language they used., PPP, The teacher presents should and shouldn’t through a situation about healthy habits. The students complete controlled exercises and finally give advice to a person with unhealthy habits., The teacher contextualises the present continuous through a picture of an office and presents examples such as “She is writing an email.” The class repeats the sentences and completes guided exercises before freely describing another picture., Audiolingualism, The teacher says, “There is a computer on the desk,” and the class repeats the sentence several times. Then, the teacher replaces computer with printer, keyboard and monitor, and the students produce new sentences following the same model., The students listen to and repeat a dialogue until they memorise it, paying special attention to pronunciation and accuracy. Then, they replace some words according to the teacher’s prompts., ESA, A surprising image captures the students’ interest and encourages them to exchange opinions. They then perform a role-play, and afterwards the teacher focuses on the language forms they had difficulty with., The students begin with a short game connected to the topic and then analyse and practise some expressions from it. Next, they complete a communicative activity and finish by briefly examining some of the errors that emerged.

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