response elements, bind proteins that are produced under certain cell conditions (4 kinds), small interfering and micro RNAs, gene expression, control which proteins are made, Structural Motifs, proteins that affect transcription by binding to DNA, Helix-Turn-Helix, binds to the major groove by H-bonds between amino acids and DNA, Zinc Finger, 2 cysteines and 2 histidines 12 AA's later and zinc binds to the repeats, Leucine Zipper, 1/2 the protein is made of basic AA's and 1/2 the protein is made of leucine on one side, forming a hydrophobic pocket, mRNA 5'cap, 5'-5' triphosphate linkage and the 2 hydroxyl is methylated, splicing, removing introns from exons via a spliceosome, inosine, uncommon nucleoside that works in wobble and can bind to A, C, and U, wobble, occurs in the 3rd position of a codon where the normal base pair rules don't apply, tRNA, uses its anticodon to bring in an amino acid and attach it to the polypeptide chain, codon, a 3 base long section of mRNA that codes for a specific AA

Chapter 11/12

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