What was the capital city of the Roman Empire? - Rome, Who was the first emperor of Rome? - Augustus (Octavian), What language did the Romans speak? - Latin, What is the name of the famous Roman arena where gladiators fought? - The Colosseum, What animal symbol represented the Roman army? - The eagle (Aquila), What is the name of the river that runs through Rome? - The Tiber River, What were Roman soldiers called? - Legionaries, What was a Roman road used for? - To move armies, goods, and messages quickly across the empire, Who was Julius Caesar? - A Roman general, dictator, and key figure in ending the Republic, What did Romans wear as clothing? - Tunics and togas, What number system did the Romans invent? - Roman numerals (I, V, X, L, C, D, M), What were gladiators? - Fighters who battled in arenas for public entertainment, What were Roman coins made of? - Gold, silver, or bronze, Who ruled Rome before it became an empire? - The Roman Republic (led by the Senate and consuls), What does the word “Caesar” mean? - Originally a family name; later became a title meaning “emperor”, Who was Cleopatra’s Roman ally and lover? - Mark Antony, What event caused the end of Julius Caesar’s life? - He was assassinated by senators in 44 BCE, What did Romans use to transport water over long distances? - Aqueducts, Who was the emperor when Jesus was born? - Augustus Caesar, What was the Roman senate? - A political body of wealthy men who advised and governed Rome, Which emperor moved the capital to Constantinople? - Constantine the Great, What was the language of the Eastern Roman Empire? - Greek, Who was Romulus in Roman mythology? - The legendary founder of Rome, What kind of calendar did Julius Caesar reform? - The Julian calendar, How many years did the Western Roman Empire last? - About 500 years (27 BCE – 476 CE), Which barbarian tribe invaded and ended the Western Roman Empire? - The Visigoths (and later the Vandals), Who was the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire? - Romulus Augustulus, What was the official religion of Rome before Christianity? - Polytheism (belief in many gods), Who was Constantine the Great? - The first Roman emperor to accept Christianity and move the capital east, What year did the Western Roman Empire officially fall? - 476 CE, What was the Latin name for Britain under Roman rule? - Britannia, What famous Roman general invaded Britain in 55 BCE? - Julius Caesar, What was the Senate’s title for Octavian after he became emperor? - Augustus, What did Romans call people who were not citizens of Rome? - Barbarians, Who killed Julius Caesar? - A group of senators including Brutus and Cassius, What modern countries were part of the Roman Empire? (name 3) - Examples: Italy, Spain, France, Egypt, Turkey, Britain, Greece, Syria,

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