Discuss why early childcare programs address accountability differently than K – 12 program and provide examples of how they might accomplish this. - Each state has childcare licensing regulations for center-based and family childcare programs. Some programs serving young children also choose to abide by higher standards of quality through accreditation and/or through program standards. For example, Head Start and Early Head Start grantees must meet requirements for nine key program areas. They also submit to federal monitoring visits periodically to assure that they are following the standards to fidelity., Describe the different methods of observation. Provide examples of situations that would call for each type of observation. - An anecdotal record might be used when a child who is normally even-tempered has an outburst and begins fighting with another child. A running record might be used when a child begins periodically goofing around in class, but the source of the problem is unclear. Time sampling might be used when a child is displaying a particular behavior frequently, such as interrupting other children, and it becomes necessary to count how many times the behavior occurs throughout the day or week. Event sampling might be used to help explain what prompts the child to interrupt others. For example, event sampling might reveal that the child interrupts only when other children begin talking about their families., Discuss formal assessments of development and describe how they differ from screening tools. Describe a situation where a formal developmental assessment would be called for. - Developmental assessments are used to follow up to screening tools. They are administered by trained professionals, are criterion-referenced, and measure the child’s functioning in most or all areas of development, although some instruments are specific to one or two areas. For example, a developmental assessment would be called for if a child scored poorly on the Ages and Stages Questionnaire., Discuss the term authentic assessment and the benefits of this approach. - Authentic assessment refers to approaches that consider the whole child and focuses on all aspects of development as well as contextual factors that may help to explain children’s experiences and abilities. The benefit of this approach is that it gives a more complete view of the child and his or her skills, talents, and needs., Discuss the characteristics of good observation, and provide a sample of an observation you might make about a child during class. - Characteristics of a good observation consists of impartiality, adequate description, and description of nonverbal cues. A sample observation is free play time with children chosen an activity of their chose., Which statement about a Quality Rating and Improvement System is true? - A Quality Rating and Improvement system helps parents understand the quality level of a particular program., Which statement best describes the primary purpose of formative assessments? - The primary purpose of formative assessments  to evaluate a chid's progress toward meeting standards., The most frequently used type of observation, the ______________________, is a brief description of a behavior or event. - Anecdotal record is a brief description of a behavior or event, and it the most frequently used type of observation., A type of observation that keeps track of all events that happen during a specified time period is a(n) _____________________. - Running record keeps track of all events that happen during a specified time period., Henry would like to make some simple informal assessments about his students. As a teacher with a classroom full of active students, he does not have time to write down lengthy observations. Instead, his goal is to simply note the presence or absence of a skill. Given these requirements, Henry would be best served by a _________________. - A checklist will be the best method for Henry to use to not the presence or absence of a skill in his classroom with a full group of active students.,

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