Aotearoa was the last habitable landmass in the world to be settled by humans. - True - it was not settled until around 1300. , Aotearoa had no indigenous land mammals apart from two small bats before 1300. It did have birds. - True - that's why birds, kai moana and sea mammals like seals were so important as a food source, The first indigenous people in Aotearoa were the Māori, arriving in about 1300. - True. There are myths about ealier settlers but no evidence supports this., Māori came from South America. - False. Māori came from other Polynesian Islands, maybe the Cook Islands, and probably originally from Taiwan., Māori came in seagoing canoes (waka) and navigated by the waves, the stars, sea birds and cloud formations. - True. The name Aotearoa refers to the cloud above the land., It was always easy for Māori to find food in Aotearoa. - False. Once the moa had been hunted to extinction, Māori had to learn to manage food resources carefully. , Pre-European Māori lived in big tribes and settlements. - False. Māori lived in small independent sub-tribes, in valleys, harbours and other localities., Māori had a functional attitude to the natural world and nature.  - False. Māori saw themselves in a sacred relationship with the natural world, and the exploitation of natural resources was conducted under strict rules of tapu (sacredness) and mana (spiritual authority)., Māori developed agriculture and grew crops such as kūmara. - True. With careful techniques, often involving the use of stone walls, and fire embers to warm soils, they succeeded in establishing several plants, especially the kūmara., Māori were able to mine metal for their tools and weapons. - False. Māori had to make tools and weapons out of stone such as obsidian or pounamu (greenstone)., Māori life was - and still is - communal in focus. - True. Individuals were seen as the voice of the group, and group and kinship relationships are very important., Māori developed their own writing system for their language. - False. Missionaries were the first people who wrote the Māori language down. Before that it was an oral language, and oral skills are still highly valued., Māori society was very peaceful and tribal groups lived peacefully alongside each other. - False. Tribal histories are rich with stories of war, and there are many remains of fortified hill forts (pā). The arrival of guns with Europeans made this worse., The first European who made formal friendly contact with Māori was Captain Cook and his crew in 1769. - True, although Abel Tasman first reported on New Zealand in 1642., Europeans brought new farming techniques, crops and animals, as well as iron and warmer clothes. - True... but also diseases, guns and settlers who wanted Māori land! ,

Early Life for Māori in Aotearoa: True or False

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