Phonetics , the study of the minimal units that make up language , Segments , The discrete units of the speech stream , Suprasegmentals , The properties of a language such as stress and intonation., Coda, all the consonants after a vowel , Onset , All the consonants before a vowel , Rhyme , the vowel of a syllable , 3 features to describe consonants , voicing - place of articulation - manner of articulation , Voicing , it refers to whether or not a sound vibrates , Place of Articulation , The air flow is blocked when producing a consonant sound , Bilabial sounds , /p/ /b/ /m/ /w/ , Labiodental sounds , /f/ /v/ , Interdental sounds , /θ/ /ð/, Alveolar sounds , /t/ /d/ /s/ /z/ /n/ /l/ /ɹ/ /ɾ/, Post alveolar sounds , /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /t͡ʃ/ /d͡ʒ/, Palatal sounds , /j/, Velar sounds , /k/ /g/ /ŋ/, Glottal sounds , /h/ /ʔ/, Manner of Articulation , The airflow is modified or constricted in the vocal tract , Stop sounds , /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/  /ʔ/, Fricative Sounds , /f/ /v/ /θ/ /ð/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /h/ , Affricate sounds , /t͡ʃ/ /d͡ʒ/, Nasal sounds , /m/ /n/ /ŋ/, Lateral Liquid , /l/, Retroflex Liquid , /ɹ/, Glide , /w/, Flap , /ɾ/, Features to describe vowels , Tongue Height - Tongue Advancement - Lip Rounding - Tenseness , Phonology , The study of how sounds are organized within a language , How many codas and onsets are allowed in English? , 3 Codas 3 Onsets , Phoneme , The smallest sound unit in a language that can change the meaning of a word , Allophone , it is the variation of a phoneme that doesn't change the meaning of a word , Contrastive Distribution , 2 sounds occur in the same phonetic environment , Minimal pair , 2 sounds that differ by exactly one sound , Complementary Distribution , Sounds that do not occur in the same environment and complement each other , Free variation , Allophones of the same phoneme. They are not predictable., Overlapping Distribution , Sounds that can occur in the same environment , Natural Classes , Group of sounds that share one or more articulatory properties to the exclusion of all other sounds in a language , Obstruents , Stops - Fricatives - Afrricates , Sonorants , Nasals - Liquids - Glides - Vowels , Sibilants , /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /t͡ʃ/ /d͡ʒ/, Assimilation , When a sound takes the properties of an adjacent sound , Dissimilation , When a sound behaves differently from an adjacent sound. , Insertion , When you insert a sound , Delition , When you drop a sound , Metathesis , Change the order of the sound , Fortition , Make a sound stronger , Lenition, Make a sound weaker , Multiple Rule application , Use more than one rule , Morphology , The study of irreducible meaningful pieces in a language , Morpheme , the parts of a word that contain meaning , Stem , root of a word , Inflection , It refers to adding grammatical meaning to a word , Derivation , Creating words out of words , Free morpheme , A morpheme that stands by itself because it has grammatical and lexical meaning, Bound Morpheme , A morpheme that needs to be attached to a root to have meaning , Verb Inflections , Simple Present - Simple Past - Continuous - Past Participle , Noun Inflections , Plural nouns - Possessives nounsss , Adjective Inflections , Comparatives - Superlatives , Content words , Nouns - Verbs - Adjectives - Adverbs , Function words , Pronouns - Articles - Conjunctions - Prepositions, Compounding , 2 or more words joined together to make a new word: sun + flower: sunflower , Reduplication , When part of a word or the whole word is repeated to create a new meaning: orang: person orang-orang: people , Alternation , When a word changes by changing a sound inside: man - men, Suppletion , When a word is completely replaced by an unrelated form: go - went , Affixation , When a prefix, Suffix, or Infix is added to a word to change meaning: happy - unhappy , Acoustic Phonetics , The study of the transimition and the physical properties of speech sounds. , Articulatory Phonetics , The study of the production of speech sounds , Auditory Phonetics , The study of the perception of speech sounds , Language performance , The way people produce and comprehen language , Linguistic Competence , Potential to speak a language , Pragmatics , Language in context , Semantics , Meaning in context , Syntax , How combined words form phrases and sentences , Linguistics , The science used to discover how language works , Labials include: , Bilabial and Labio dental , Sibilants include: , Alveolar and Post alveolar .

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