Semantics: Context-invariant, speaker-independent meaning, Meaning potential (what X could mean), Truth-conditional meaning, Asks: “What does X mean?” (conventional), Principles to describe/compose meanings, Pragmatics: Context-sensitive, speaker-dependent meaning, Concrete meaning in this context (what X does mean now), Non-truth-conditional meaning/effects, Asks: “What does the speaker mean by X?” (intended), Principles to bridge “said” → “meant”,

Semantics & Pragmatics

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