Urbanization, The increasing percentage of people living in cities and urban areas., Megacity, A city with a population of more than 10 million people., Primate City, A city that is much larger and more important than any other city in a country., Rank-Size Rule, A pattern where the second largest city is half the size of the largest, the third largest is one-third the size, and so on., Global City, A city that is highly connected to the world economy through business, finance, culture, and transportation., Range, The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a good or service., Threshold, The minimum number of people needed to support a business or service., CBD (Central Business District), The downtown core of a city where businesses, offices, and services are concentrated., Suburb, A residential area located outside the central city., Urban Sprawl, The spread of low-density development outward from a city into rural areas., Redlining, The discriminatory practice of denying loans or services to certain neighborhoods, often based on race or ethnicity., Segregation, The separation of groups of people within a city, often by race, ethnicity, or income., Infrastructure, Basic systems and structures needed for a city to function, such as roads, water, electricity, and transportation., Squatter Settlement, An area where people build homes on land they do not legally own, often lacking proper infrastructure., Bid-Rent Theory, The idea that land prices are highest near the city center because accessibility is most valuable there., Edge City, A concentration of businesses, shopping centers, and offices located on the outskirts of a city., Blockbusting, A practice where real estate agents encouraged white residents to sell homes cheaply by creating fear that minorities were moving in., Zones of Abandonment, Areas of a city that experience neglect, poverty, and lack of investment or services., Environmental Injustice, Unequal exposure of certain groups, often low-income or minority communities, to environmental hazards., Disamenity Zones, Areas near unpleasant or harmful features such as factories, highways, or landfills., Food Deserts, Urban areas where residents have limited access to affordable and healthy food., Urban Displacement, The forced movement of residents out of neighborhoods due to rising costs or redevelopment., Brownfields, Abandoned or polluted industrial and commercial sites that may be redeveloped..

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