Natural Selection - causes evolution when the "best" traits help the organisms survive in an particular environment, Artificial Selection - when humans select the "best traits", Species - a group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring, Gene Pool - all of the HERITABLE traits in a population, Variation - differences among organisms, Adaptation - traits that help an organism survive and reproduce in a specific environment, Causes of Variation - crossing over, sexual reproduction and random good mutations, Frequency of Traits in the Population - Evolution changes...., Homologous Structures - Traits that have same structure, but different function-- lead to a common ancestor :), Analogous Structures - traits with same function, but different structure -- do not lead to a common ancestor :(, Mimicry - adaptation when an organism copies another -- perhaps more dangerous-- species, Molecular Evidence for Evolution - DNA, RNA, amino acids, proteins, Anatomical Evidence for Evolution - camouflage, fossils, specialized body parts, Vestigial Structures - traits that do not have function in a current species, but did in an ancestor-- links species to a common ancestor, Adapted - this does not happen in evolution b/c organisms cannot change their DNA/ or traits they born with, Genetic drift - Surviving by chance- at the right place at the right time, not because you have the best traits, Bottleneck - Type of genetic drift, a large portion of the population dies and those that survive do not necessarily have the best traits, Founder effect - Type of genetic drift, a portion of the population becomes physically separated, those in the new population do not necessarily have the best traits, Gene flow - The transfer of genes (alleles) to a population due to migration , Stabalizing - Outcome of evolution in which the intermediate phenotype is selected, Directional - Outcome of evolution in which one of the two extreme phenotypes is selected , Disruptive - Outcome of evolution in which both of the extreme phenotypes are selected, Sexual dimorphism - A type of disruptive selection in which males & females are selected to have distinct features, Neutral Trait - Variations that are neither selected for nor against because they do not help them survive & reproduce,

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