____ can join together to make molecules, and ____ can be broken back down into atoms. These building and breaking reactions are collectively called ____. The process by which monomers are combined to make polymers is called ____ (also known as synthesis). A bond forms between monomers when a ____ molecule is removed. ____ (monomer) → Starch (____) Amino acids (____) → ____ (polymers) ____ is the complete biological process of the ____ breakdown (chewing, churning) and ____ breakdown (hydrolysis) of food. Mechanical breakdown of food occurs in the mouth when chewing food and in the stomach when churning the food bolus. Chemical breakdown of food (____) occurs in the mouth when chewing, in the stomach, and in the small intestines. The process by which polymers are broken apart is called hydrolysis. A ____ molecule is added to ____ each bond. ____ are special proteins that help to break polymers apart into monomers during hydrolysis. Starch → ____ (by amylase) ____ → Amino acids (by pepsin or protease) Enzymes are proteins that ____ up chemical reactions in living things. They work like biological ____ by helping reactions happen faster and easier. Each enzyme is ____ to the molecule it works with! Enzymes only fit certain molecules, like a ____. ____: a substance on which the enzyme acts (in this case, the biomolecule polymer). ____: a pocket on an enzyme where a substrate binds to a chemical reaction to take place; has a shape specific to the substrate it will work with. Together, they form an “enzyme/substrate complex”.

Metabolism of Biomolecules

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