Transcription, DNA cannot travel out of the nucleus to the ribosomes, the base code is transcribed onto an RNA molecule, called messenger RNA (mRNA), Translation, mRNA then moves out of the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome, The ribosome ‘reads’ the code on the mRNA in groups of three (a codon), There is a specific triplet of bases in mRNA known as a ‘start  codon’, Each codon following the start codon codes for a specific amino acid, The ribosome translates the sequence of bases to a sequence of amino acids/protein, Each codon moves into the ribosome to be translated, The site on tRNA that matches to the mRNA codon is known as the anticodon, the tRNA remains, the amino acid forms a bond with the next amino acid in line, In this way, the chain of amino acids that make up the protein is formed, The last codon of the mRNA has 3 bases known as a ‘stop codon’, This tells the ribosome that the amino acid is complete and is released, To fold and form the final structure of the protein.

CAX KS4 Protein synthesis consists of two stages – transcription and translation.

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