Encoding - getting information into the brain, specifically long-term memory., Retrieval - using stored information in the memory storage and bringing it back into conscious awareness, Benefits of Contextual Theories - people's environments provide various support systems that enhance people's thinking and learning, Storage - Keeping information inside the memory, Contemporary Cognitive Perspectives - consists of information processing, constructivism, and contextual theories, Information processing theory - Focuses on the specific ways in which people think about the information they receive from the environment, Computers - algorithmic and predictable, Weakness of IPT - Hasn’t formed an explanation how human beings think and behave overall, How people learn - Information Processing Theory, Constructivism - Actively try to organize and make sense of learning rather than directly acquiring it from the outside world., Cognitive map - combine various spatial relationships that are learned into a general mental representation of how the environment is laid out., Individual constructivism - process of construction occurring separately within each learner, Social constructivism - how people work together to create new knowledge either in a single sitting or over a period of time, What is learned - Constructivism, Contextual theories - people's thinking and learning are inextricably intertwined with their physical, social, and cultural environments, Environmental Supports - can be concrete and easily observable or abstract and pervasive in one's culture, Theories of embodiment - address the ways in which people's brains function in close connection with the rest of their bodies and surroundings, Theories of distributed cognition - how people often think and perform when they can take advantage of physical objects or cultural creations, Sociocultural theory - discusses the influence of culture in learning, Drawback of Constructivism - Believes that students should be the one directing their learning not teachers,

Contemporary Cogitive Perspectives

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