What is Philosophy the study of? - Philosophy means love of wisdom. It is the study of some of the most basic questions about human life., Chinese thinkers developed what three major philosophies? - Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism., What is the goal of all the philosophies? - To create a well run and peaceful society., Duty is the central idea of Confucianism. What does that mean? - Duty means that a person places the needs of family and community above their needs., It is the duty of parents to love their children. The duty of children is to - respect their parents., Husbands should support their wives. Wives should - obey their husbands., TurbanA ruler had a duty to rule justly and to set an example of right living. - Subjects should be loyal and obey the law., Confucius urged people to be good meaning... - Behaving moderately, keeping one's promises, honoring traditions, respecting the elderly, and seeking knowledge, What did Confucius believe about government service? - Government Service should be open to all men of ability and merit and not limited to thos eof , Laozi created - Daoism, What was Daoism trying to promote? - A peaceful society., What does Daoism teach? - How to live a good life., What did Daoists believe? - People should free themselves from worldly desires and live simply. Turn to culture and Dao, the spiritual force that guides all things., What did the philosophy of Legalism stress? - The importance of a system of laws., Who was the philosopher that introduced Legalism? - A thinker named Hanfeizi, What did Hanfeizi believe? - 1. humans are naturally evil, 2. strict laws and harsh punishments were necessary to force people to do their duty., Who supported legalism and why? - Aristocrats supported legalism because it emphasized force., What were the four social classes in China? - 1. Landowning Aristocrats, 2. Farmers, 3. Artisans, 4. Merchants, What was life like for an aristocrat? - You would be wealthy, owned large estates, have fine furniture and carpets, and have courtyards and gardens, and owned large plots of land. , What was life like for a farmer? (90% of people were farmers. - They farmed for a living, they rented the fields owned by the aristocrats, they growed wheat, and rice, and payed taxes, and also worked 1 month each year for the government. (Like government projects), Artisans: What type of tools/weapons did they make? - Iron tools and weapons., What type of jobs did artisans have? - Many were architects, artists, and road workers., What types of jobs did merchants have? What purpose did they have? - Shop keepers, traders, bankers, they provided goods and services to the aristocrats., Why weren't merchants respected members of the community? - People believed that merchants worked only for their own gain, not for the goods of society. Merchants were also BANNED from government jobs!?, What were Chinese families like? - The family was at the center of early society and took care of anyone in need., What were the role of men in Chinese society? - Men were respected because of the jobs they did., What did men do? - Growing crops, attending school, Running government, and fighting wars., What were the role of the women? - Raising chilren, saw to their education, and managed the household and family finances., What is Filial Piety? - The responsibility children have to respect, obey, and take care for their parents., Chinese contributions include: - Kung fu, silk, agriculture, gunpowder, Noodles, Cast iron plows, Wood black prints, paper, porcelain, compasses,,

Society and Culture in Ancient China

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