1, While most countries see the educational system as a competition, the Finns see it differently., 2, In these after-school academies middle and high schoolers focus on academics whereas younger students can choose academics, art, or sports, 3, Enrolments in vocational schools have dropped drastically, because of growing social preferences for university education and Korea’s shift from an industrial to a service-based economy., 4, In 2016, 71.7 percent of high school students attended academic schools while 16.6 percent attended vocational schools., 5, It also helps identify decisions at the school level which may impact on the quality of education (Jackson et al. 2017). For example, the efficacy of community initiatives such as school-lunch programs, after-school clubs or literacy campaigns could be unambiguously measured., 6, Legally, schools are not allowed to hold classes after 22:00. However, not all schools follow these rules (Mani 2018)., 7, As a result of education fever, most Koreans schools are competitive and there is excessive private tutoring in hagwons’ (OECD 1998, p. 27). Nevertheless, Korea has made a dramatic economic development in the twentieth century. Moreover, it cannot be denied that education is the only way to overcome scarce natural resources., 8, Measures of educational effectiveness in Korea are based on standardised tests; therefore, good teaching means teaching students to ace in-class achievement tests and high-stake exams. Consequently, most instruction in high school consists of teacher lectures., 9, It is not equitable to deliver the same curriculum for all students; similarly, it is not equitable to use the same data to drive policy decisions and practices for diverse learners., 10, Though high schools have fees, education is free from preschool to middle school, so the Korean education system ensures every citizen can receive education. Additionally, according to the OECD (2023) Korea showed the highest ratio of high school finishers among all OECD countries with 98% of Koreans between the ages of 25 and 34 completing secondary education, 11, Middle and high school students study seven classes daily. After classes most children attend after-school academies called hagwon., 12, Despite the clear benefits to such monitoring and evaluation, there are also a few potential drawbacks., 13, These behaviours decrease test validity and undermine accountability. Second, standardised tests may limit the skills measured., 14, Clearly, standardised testing has its flaws, but does it mean we should do away with it entirely?

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