What is the fundamental difference in architecture between a Microcontroller (MCU) and a Microprocessor (MPU)?, An MCU integrates the CPU, RAM, and ROM onto a single chip, whereas an MPU requires external memory., An MPU includes built-in I/O peripherals, whereas an MCU does not., An MCU is significantly more expensive than an MPU., An MPU is designed for low-power battery operation, while an MCU requires constant power., Which sequence correctly describes the standard CPU instruction cycle?, Sense, Transmit, Analyze, Fetch, Decode, Execute, Input, Process, Output, Read, Write, Store, In IoT Architecture, which layer consists of physical hardware like sensors and actuators?, Network Layer, Perception Layer, Processing Layer, Application Layer, Why is MQTT often preferred over HTTP for IoT communication?, MQTT requires a constant, high-power connection., MQTT is the language of the web and is more verbose., MQTT is designed for high-bandwidth video streaming., MQTT uses a lightweight, publish-subscribe model ideal for low bandwidth., What is the primary function of a sensor in an IoT system?, To convert electrical signals into physical action., To convert physical parameters into electrical signals., To provide a user interface for human interaction., To process data and make high-level decisions., What is a major benefit of 'Edge Computing' in IoT?, It increases the latency of the system., It requires devices to be constantly connected to high-voltage power., It centralizes all data storage in a single massive data center., It reduces latency by processing data locally, avoiding internet lag., What is the main role of an Actuator in an IoT system?, To digitize analog signals., To collect data from the environment., To store the program code permanently., To convert electrical signals into physical action., What is a significant security challenge facing IoT adoption?, Sensors generally consume too much power., The lack of available IPv6 addresses., Weak default passwords and lack of updates., Devices are too expensive to manufacture., Which wireless technology is known for 'Massive Capacity' capable of supporting 1 million devices per square km?, Bluetooth (BLE), Wi-Fi, 5G, LoRa, In Smart Agriculture, which of the following is a common IoT application?, Tracking the stock market prices of crops in real-time., Replacing all human farmers with humanoid robots., Precision farming using sensors for soil moisture and pH levels., Using smart speakers to play music for plants..

Microcontrollers & IoT Essentials

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