Gothic setting, Transform an ordinary or isolated place into somewhere threatening., Sensory imagery, Use sight, sound, touch and smell to immerse the reader., Pathetic fallacy, Use weather or nature to reflect or intensify the mood., Personification, Give the setting or objects threatening human qualities., Precise verbs, Choose powerful verbs instead of relying on lots of adjectives., Figurative language, Use similes and metaphors selectively to create disturbing comparisons., Show, don't tell, Reveal fear through behaviour, physical reactions and sensations., Foreshadowing, Plant subtle clues that suggest something threatening will happen later., Withholding information, Deliberately delay revealing the identity or nature of the threat., Ambiguity, Make details deliberately uncertain or open to interpretation., Indefinite pronouns, Use words such as something, someone and it instead of naming the threat., Semantic field of uncertainty, Use a cluster of vocabulary associated with doubt., Rhetorical questions, Use unanswered questions to reveal a character's confusion or fear., Fragmented description, Reveal the threat through separate details instead of describing everything at once., Lexical progression, Move deliberately from vague nouns to increasingly specific ones., Sentence variation, Manipulate long, short and fragmented sentences., Paragraph variation, Change paragraph length for emphasis and dramatic impact., Repetition, Repeat a word, phrase or sound at a particular moment., Isolation and vulnerability, Remove sources of safety, communication or escape., Psychological fear, Make the character doubt their senses, memories or understanding., Zooming in, Focus intensely on one disturbing detail., Pacing, Deliberately slow down or accelerate the narrative., Structural shifts, Shift between contrasting states such as light/dark, safety/danger or silence/noise., Motif, Repeat a significant image, object or idea at different points throughout the narrative., Ambiguous ending, End without completely resolving or explaining the threat.

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