1) Skin consists of an outer layer of epidermis ______ an inner dermis. a) however b) and c) when 2) _____ the body temperature rises too much, the skin cools it down by sweating and vasodilation. a) However b) If c) But 3) _____ all other parts of the nervous system, the spinal cord consists of thousands of nerve cells. a) Like b) In spite of c) Although 4) Unlike the digestive glands, the endocrine glands do not deliver their secretions through ducts. _______, the endocrine glands are called the “ductless glands”. a) For this reason b) While c) However  5) During pregnancy, a woman should not take any drugs ________ they are strictly necessary and prescribed by a doctor. a) but b) when c) unless d) nevertheless 6) After a few weeks, the embryo’s heart has developed and is circulating blood through the umbilical cord and placenta _______ through its own tissues. a) As well as b) in case c) Whenever 7) The urine cannot escape from the bladder _______ a band of circular muscle, called a sphincter, is contracted, so shutting off the exit. a) however b) because c) for example 8) Sweat consists of water, with sodium chloride and traces of urea dissolved in it. ________ you sweat, you will expel these substances from your body and so, in one sense, they are being excreted. a) When b) In spite of c) However d) Nevertheless 9) Blood pressure is essential _______ pump blood round the body. a) however b) if c) in order to 10) Blood is made up of blood cells ______ plasma. a) and b) because c) although 11) The lungs supply the body with oxygen, but they are _____ excretory organs because they get rid of carbon dioxide. a) but b) however c) also 12) The first step in the digestive process happens ______ we even taste food. a) before b) because c) and 13) A soft flap of tissue called the epiglottis closes over the windpipe _____ we swallow to prevent choking. a) and b) when c) however 14) ________ something frightening happens, the sympathetic nervous system makes the heart beat faster. a) When b) Especially c) In spite of 15) ______our bones are very light, they are strong enough _______ support our entire weight. a) Although - to b) Moreover - to c) And - if 16) ______ your heart beats, you can feel blood traveling through the body at pulse points ______ the neck and the wrist. a) Moreover - because b) In spite of - like c) As - like 17) Smoking may also make a miscarriage more likely. _____ a woman who smokes should give up smoking during her pregnancy.   a) So b) Instead of c) However 18) ______ a person has an infection, germs collect in the lymph nodes. ______ the throat is infected, for example, the lymph nodes in the neck may swell. a) Besides - If b) When - If c) When - However 19) ________, the blood system helps to control the body temperature by opening and closing blood vessels in the skin.  a) Due to b) In addition c) Unless 20) ________ the kidneys make urine, it leaves the body using the rest of the urinary tract as a pathway. a) After b) Because c) On the other hand 21) The ovaries are _______ part of the endocrine system _______ they produce female sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. a) also - because b) also - if c) when - because 22) ________ get rid of large kidney stones, doctors can do a procedure ________ break up the stones. a) To - because b) Because - and c) To - and

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