ANALOGY - relationship between words , ALLUSION - reference to something outside the text, UNDERSTATEMENT - ironically make situation less important/emotional than it is, IDIOM - widely used saying that does not match with literal definition, METONYMY - object closely related takes place of the name: Silver Screen, his “ride” was expensive, SYNECDOCHE - part represents the whole: All hands on deck, Lend me your ears, boots on the ground, SYMBOLISM - something stands for/represents something else, ALLEGORY - multiple aspects of the literary work represent/symbolize larger ideas, EUPHEMISM - figure of speech to replace word/phrase that is unpleasant: passed away vs. death, CACOPHONY - harsh, inharmonious sounds: “Beware the Jabberwock, my son! The jaws that bite, the claws that catch, EUPHONY - sweet/pleasant sounding due to alliteration, rhyme, assonance: Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness, FLASHBACK - telling events from the past, FORESHADOWING - hints of what is to come, ANECDOTES - short stories/examples to support a point, PARALLELISM - (similar grammatical structure: we came, we saw, we conquered, JUXTAPOSITION - two elements placed beside each other for dramatic/ironic contrast, PARADOX - a statement that appears to be contradictory but upon reflection makes sense, RHETORICAL QUESTIONS - a question asked to emphasize a point; the question might have obvious answer, SYNTAX - sentence structure, DICTION - Word Choice: formal/informal, colloquial & slang, abstract/concrete, poetic, descriptive, lyrical, etc, DIALECT - the way we speak: Y’all, cause, ain’t, ask’n, PUN - play on words: I became a vegetarian and realized it was a hug missteak., ARCHETYPES - Patterns in literature: floods, sidekick characters, water as rebirth, the wise sage, DRAMATIC FOIL - characters who contrast each other: Harry Potter & Draco,

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