active-voiced sentences - The subject is the performer of the verb. "The coach encouraged the team.", passive-voiced sentences - Subject appears in the predicate of a sentence, acted on by the subject. "The team was encouraged by the coach.", repetition - The same words repeated for effect."I have a dream that one day that my four little children...I have a dream that one day the red hills of Georgia...", parallelism - The same grammatical pattern of words to show two or more ideas and make lists where each option has the same level of importance., verbal phrases - verbs behaving as alternative parts of speech, participle - verb behaving as an adjective, -ing, -en, -ed, gerund - -ing ending, verb behaving as a noun, "Do you mind me asking you a question?", infinitive - no tense, to _____________, introductory clause - qualifying or clarifying statement about the main clause, declarative - statement., interrogative - question (to interrogate or ask questions)?, exclamatory - exclamation!, adverb/adverbial phrase - Answers the HOW question, often end in -ly or an -ly word often begins the phrase. Also known as a modifier and should be next to the verb for clarity in a sentence. , adjective/adjective phrase - add more information about a noun in a sentence, also called a modifier because they alter or change a noun, making it more specific. Should be right next to the verb it alters or changes. , prepositional phrase - Think about these as directional words or location words/phrases. "Anything a squirrel can do to a tree...around the tree, in the tree, above the tree, below...) Look for words like "in," "on," "at," "with," "by," "under," "over," "for," "to," "of," and "about"., coordinating conjunction - FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) that often join two independent clauses (sentences that could stand alone with a subject and a verb). If the conjunction joins two complete sentences, it needs a comma before the conjunction. , subordinate clause - dependent clause that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. Usually denote relationships like time, cause/effect, condition, contrasts, or purpose. For example: so that, whether, although, since, because , subordinate conjunction - joins an independent clause (complete sentence) with a subordinate clause. If it falls in the middle of a sentence, the punctuation patter is: Complete setence; conjunction (although, however, therefore) followed by a comma, and then, the second complete sentence.,

Syntax Patterns

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